Corpus Callosum Atrophy Is a Possible Indicator of Region– and Cell Type–Specific Neuronal Degeneration in Alzheimer Disease

Hampel, Harald; Teipel, Stefan J.; Alexander, Gene E.; Horwitz, Barry; Teichberg, Diane; Schapiro, Mark B.; Rapoport, Stanley I.

doi:10.1001/archneur.55.2.193

Cited by 184 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Our findings are consistent with previous reports of regionally specific posterior callosal atrophy in mild AD [23,38]. Studies showing more pervasive callosal atrophy have typically involved AD patients with moderate or severe dementia [18,20,21,23,27,34,35]. For example, one study [23] found atrophy in all callosal subregions in their total AD sample; however, when just the mild AD subset from the AD group was analyzed, only the posterior mid-body, isthmus, and splenium showed significant reduction relative to controls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In patients with AD, neurofibrillary changes are first seen in the entorhinal region and then progress to other closely related medial temporal areas including the hippocampus [5,6]. Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown the corpus callosum is also a structure susceptible to atrophy in AD [12,18,20,21,23,27,34,35,38]. Although the results in AD have been variable regarding which subregions of the corpus callosum are affected, all of these studies except one [12] have found significant atrophy in at least the posterior region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regionally specific atrophy of the corpus callosum in AD, MCI and cognitive complaints

Wang

Saykin

Flashman

et al. 2006

Neurobiology of Aging

103

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The goal of the present study was to determine if there are global or regionally specific decreases in callosal area in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In addition, this study examined the corpus callosum of healthy older adults who have subjective cognitive complaints (CC) but perform within normal limits on neuropsychological tests. We used a semi-automated procedure to examine the total and regional areas of the corpus callosum in 22 patients with early AD, 28 patients with amnestic MCI, 28 healthy older adults with cognitive complaints, and 50 demographically matched healthy controls (HC). The AD, MCI, and CC groups all showed a significant reduction of the posterior region (isthmus and splenium) relative to healthy controls. The AD group also had a significantly smaller overall callosum than the controls. The demonstration of callosal atrophy in older adults with cognitive complaints suggests that callosal changes occur very early in the dementing process, and that these earliest changes may be too subtle for detection by neuropsychological assessments, including memory tests.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regionally specific atrophy of the corpus callosum in AD, MCI and cognitive complaints

Wang

Saykin

Flashman

et al. 2006

Neurobiology of Aging

103

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“…30 General brain atrophy occurs, but temporal lobe structures and periventricular white matter including the corpus callosum have been seen to atrophy in recent MRI studies. 31 Studies of AD have concentrated on changes in anisotropy associated with AD progression. By measuring diffusion in the corpus callosum at the mid-line, where axons are primarily oriented in the left-right direction, Hanyu et al 32 were able to estimate changes in diffusion anisotropy simply by measuring diffusivity in the left-right and anterior-posterior (A-P) directions.…”

Section: Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of diffusion‐weighted and diffusion tensor MRI to white matter diseases – a review

2002

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This paper reviews the current applications of diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor MRI in diseases of the brain white matter. The contribution that diffusion-weighted imaging has made to our understanding of white matter diseases is critically appraised. The quantitative nature of diffusion MRI is one of its major attractions; however, this is offset by the more advanced hardware required to collect diffusion-weighted images reliably, and the more complex processing to produce quantitative parametric diffusion images. With the now common availability of scanners equipped to perform echo-planar imaging, the acquisition of diffusion tensor images is sure to become more widespread and routine.

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“…For example, MRI measurements of the corpus callosum have shown reduced area of subregions defined by manually traced ROIs compared to healthy elderly. Further, these white matter reductions in AD have been associated with PET cerebral glucose metabolism and with neuropsychological performance (Teipel et al, 1999;Hampel et al, 1998).…”

Section: Applications: Aging and Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging: Overview of Methods and Applications

Ryan¹,

Alexander²

2008

Handbook of Physiological Research Methods in Health Psychology

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IntroductionThe past few decades have seen enormous advances in the ability to visualize and measure aspects of brain anatomy and physiology in the living human being. The recent developments in neuroimaging techniques that provide measures of brain structure and function, as well as cerebral activity during cognitive processes such as perception, attention, and memory have changed the face of cognitive neuroscience, and have allowed us to ask questions about the relation between the brain and behavior that were simply not possible only a decade or two ago. As these techniques have become more accessible and affordable for research use, they have been increasingly applied to a variety of research questions, having the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of the normal brain and its development throughout the lifespan. Even areas of research that have traditionally not been linked to neuroscience, such as social psychology, economics, and education are increasingly making use of neuroimaging methods.From the beginning, evaluating the effects of health-related factors, such as aging, neurological and psychiatric illness, and brain injury have been an important and rapidly growing part of the neuroimaging field. Health psychology provides a potentially unique perspective in the application of neuroimaging methods studying how brainbehavior relationships are altered by disease states and other health-related factors.Neuroimaging provides a set of tools that can address a wide variety of questions. For example, researchers might address how neural systems important for specific cognitive processes are altered by the presence, progression, and treatment of a disease; test the effect of health factors such as genetic risk on regional patterns of 3 brain structure and function; identify subgroups for which treatment or prevention therapies are most effective; or determine the effect of individual differences on the expression, severity, and progression of brain diseases. To utilize these techniques effectively, however, those new to the neuroimaging field and unfamiliar with its rapidly evolving technology are often faced with the daunting task of figuring out where and how to begin.The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the major neuroimaging methods and their applications to health psychology research. Since a detailed and complete description of the methods and general applications for neuroimaging in health-related research is well beyond the scope of this chapter, we have focused on the description of methods and applications that we believe will provide a useful starting point for researchers who are thinking of applying such neuroimaging techiques to their own areas of health-related psychology.We begin with a brief review of the major structural and functional neuroimaging research methods that are commonly in use, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and diffusion-weight...

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Corpus Callosum Atrophy Is a Possible Indicator of Region– and Cell Type–Specific Neuronal Degeneration in Alzheimer Disease

Cited by 184 publications

References 34 publications

Regionally specific atrophy of the corpus callosum in AD, MCI and cognitive complaints

Regionally specific atrophy of the corpus callosum in AD, MCI and cognitive complaints

Applications of diffusion‐weighted and diffusion tensor MRI to white matter diseases – a review

Neuroimaging: Overview of Methods and Applications

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