Corpus callosum development in childhood-onset schizophrenia

Keller, A.; Jeffries, Neal; Blumenthal, Jonathan D.; Clasen, Liv S.; Liu, Hong; Giedd, Jay N.; Rapoport, Judith L.

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00354-7

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…This study also found no differences in developmental trajectories of any measurement of corpus callosum area or volume (Johnson et al, 2013a). These results contrast those from an earlier, smaller study in the same group, which also reported normal initial total corpus callosum area, but showed a progressive decrease in the splenium area, which connects occipital cortical areas, beginning at age 22 (Keller et al, 2003b). An earlier study of brain volumes in COS patients found no difference in callosal volume in patients compared to healthy controls (Kumra et al, 2000).…”

Section: 2 Structural Neuroimagingcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging findings from childhood onset schizophrenia patients and their non-psychotic siblings

Ordóñez

Luscher

Gogtay

2016

Schizophrenia Research

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Childhood onset schizophrenia (COS), with onset of psychosis before age 13, is a rare form of schizophrenia that represents a more severe and chronic form of the adult onset illness. In this review we examine structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of COS and non-psychotic siblings of COS patients in the context of studies of schizophrenia as a whole. Studies of COS to date reveal progressive loss of gray matter volume and cortical thinning, ventricular enlargement, progressive decline in cerebellar volume and a significant but fixed deficit in hippocampal volume. COS is also associated with a slower rate of white matter growth and disrupted local connectivity strength. Sibling studies indicate that non-psychotic siblings of COS patients share many of these brain abnormalities, including decreased cortical thickness and disrupted white matter growth, yet these abnormalities normalize with age. Cross-sectional and longitudinal neuroimaging studies remain some of the few methods for assessing human brain function and play a pivotal role in the quest for understanding the neurobiology of schizophrenia as well as other psychiatric disorders. Parallel studies in non-psychotic siblings provide a unique opportunity to understand both risk and resilience in schizophrenia.

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Section: 2 Structural Neuroimagingcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging findings from childhood onset schizophrenia patients and their non-psychotic siblings

Ordóñez

Luscher

Gogtay

2016

Schizophrenia Research

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“…Although multiple regions of the corpus callosum have been reported as abnormal in SZ the largest effect size of FA reductions has been found in the splenium (Patel et al, 2011). Of particular relevance is the longitudinal study by Keller and colleagues (Keller et al, 2003) who reported failure of normal callosal growth in patients with early onset SZ resulting in area reductions, particularly in the splenium. The splenium receives fibers from the caudal two-thirds of the temporal lobe and from the medial occipital cortex (Dougherty et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal analyses identify linked functional and white matter abnormalities within the working memory network in schizophrenia

Sugranyes

Kyriakopoulos

Dima

et al. 2012

Schizophrenia Research

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Background Dysconnectivity between brain regions is thought to underlie the cognitive abnormalities that characterise schizophrenia (SZ). Consistent with this notion functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in SZ have reliably provided evidence of abnormalities in functional integration and in white matter connectivity. Yet little is known about how alterations at the functional level related to abnormalities in anatomical connectivity. Methods We obtained fMRI data during the 2-back working memory task from 25 patients with SZ and 19 healthy controls matched for age, sex and IQ. DTI data were also acquired in the same session. In addition to conventional unimodal analyses we extracted “features” [contrast maps for fMRI and fractional anisotropy (FA) for DTI] that were subjected to joint independent component analysis (JICA) in order to examine interactions between fMRI and DTI data sources. Results Conventional unimodal analyses revealed both functional and structural deficits in patients with SZ. The JICA identified regions of joint, multimodal brain sources that differed in patients and controls. The fMRI source implicated regions within the anterior cingulate and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and in the cuneus where patients showed relative hypoactivation and within the frontopolar cortex where patients showed relative hyperactivation. The DTI source localised reduced FA in patients in the splenium and posterior cingulum. Conclusions This study promotes our understanding of structure-function relationships in SZ by characterising linked functional and white matter changes that contribute to working memory dysfunction in this disorder.

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“…Deficits in the corpus callosum have been inconsistently demonstrated in adult onset schizophrenia populations (95). In a longitudinal analysis of children and young adults with COS, differences in the midsagittal area of the splenium of the corpus callosum emerged around age 22, with patients having significantly smaller structures (98). Later analysis looking at volumetric differences in subsections of the corpus callosum revealed no differences between NIMH-COS patients, their siblings and controls with respect to overall volume, and/or volume change over time (99).…”

Section: Structural White Matter Analysis (Volumetric Analysis and DImentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Neuroimaging Findings in Childhood Onset Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of the Literature

Baribeau

Anagnostou

2013

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and childhood onset schizophrenia (COS) are pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders associated with significant morbidity. Both conditions are thought to share an underlying genetic architecture. A comparison of neuroimaging findings across ASD and COS with a focus on altered neurodevelopmental trajectories can shed light on potential clinical biomarkers and may highlight an underlying etiopathogenesis.Methods: A comprehensive review of the medical literature was conducted to summarize neuroimaging data with respect to both conditions in terms of structural imaging (including volumetric analysis, cortical thickness and morphology, and region of interest studies), white matter analysis (include volumetric analysis and diffusion tensor imaging) and functional connectivity.Results: In ASD, a pattern of early brain overgrowth in the first few years of life is followed by dysmaturation in adolescence. Functional analyses have suggested impaired long-range connectivity as well as increased local and/or subcortical connectivity in this condition. In COS, deficits in cerebral volume, cortical thickness, and white matter maturation seem most pronounced in childhood and adolescence, and may level off in adulthood. Deficits in local connectivity, with increased long-range connectivity have been proposed, in keeping with exaggerated cortical thinning.Conclusion: The neuroimaging literature supports a neurodevelopmental origin of both ASD and COS and provides evidence for dynamic changes in both conditions that vary across space and time in the developing brain. Looking forward, imaging studies which capture the early post natal period, which are longitudinal and prospective, and which maximize the signal to noise ratio across heterogeneous conditions will be required to translate research findings into a clinical environment.

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Corpus callosum development in childhood-onset schizophrenia

Cited by 49 publications

References 63 publications

Neuroimaging findings from childhood onset schizophrenia patients and their non-psychotic siblings

Neuroimaging findings from childhood onset schizophrenia patients and their non-psychotic siblings

Multimodal analyses identify linked functional and white matter abnormalities within the working memory network in schizophrenia

A Comparison of Neuroimaging Findings in Childhood Onset Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of the Literature

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