Corpus callosum transection reduces binocularity of cells in the visual cortex of adult cats

Yinon, U.; Chen, Meir; Zamir, Shmuel; Gelerstein, S.

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(88)90603-9

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As in most mammals, the vis ual callosal connections in hamsters originate and terminate mostly at the border of area 17 [Diirsteler et al, 1979;Rhoades and Deilacroce, 1980;So and Jen, 1982;Jen et al, 1984], The 17/18a border is of particular interest because it may be important for integration of the two halves of the visual field [Hu bei and Wiesel, 1967] and for binocular stereoscopic vision [Blakemore, 1969]. These two hypotheses have received support from physiological studies in cats [Payne et al, 1980[Payne et al, , 1984Zeki and Fries, 1980;Cynader et al, 1981Cynader et al, , 1986Blakemore et al, 1983;Yinon et al, 1988], albino rats and hamsters [So et al, 1986]. In hamsters, the cal losal neurons at the 17/18a border are distributed from layer II to layer VI [Diirsteler et al, 1979;Rhoades and Deilacroce, 1980].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Dendritic Morphology of Visual Callosal Neurons in the Golden Hamster

Diao

1991

Brain Behav Evol

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The visual callosal neurons and the connections between the two cerebral hemispheres in hamsters have been shown to be important for visual functions, but little is known about the detailed morphology of these neurons. In this study, we have used techniques based on retrograde transport of a fluorescent tracer, Granular Blue, and intracellular injection of Lucifer Yellow in fixed brain slices to identify the laminar distribution and dendritic morphology of the visual callosal neurons in the 17/18a border region of the adult golden hamster. The cells giving rise to the callosal projections were morphologically heterogeneous, although they were all spiny neurons. Most were pyramidal cells, but some were stellate cells. They were located in layers II–VI, with cells concentrating in three bands: (1) in the middle three fifths of layer II/III; (2) in layer IV, and (3) in the middle three fifths of layer V. In layer II/III and layer V, the great majority of the cells were pyramidal or star pyramidal neurons. In layer IV, about half were stellate neurons and the rest pyramidal or star pyramidal neurons. In layer VI, they consisted mostly of modified pyramidal cells. The soma areas of the pyramidal and star pyramidal neurons in all the layers ranged from 52 to 335 µm² with a mean of 148 µm² (n = 92; SD = 64.4). In general, these cells gave rise to 3–5 basal dendrites. Most callosally projecting pyramidal neurons in layer V had an apical dendrite that bifurcated and terminated in layer V or IV, but about one third of these cells had their apical dendrites terminating in layer II/III or layer I. We conclude that the interhemispheric pathway in hamsters consists of a group of morphologically heterogeneous neurons whose direct actions are most likely excitatory, according to known physiological correlates of neuronal morphology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Dendritic Morphology of Visual Callosal Neurons in the Golden Hamster

Diao

1991

Brain Behav Evol

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“…CC were described to provide the ipsilateral eye part of binocular RFs at the VM (Berlucchi and Rizzolatti, 1968 ). Early experiments sectioning the corpus callosum or lesioning the contralateral cortex claimed that CC contribute a major part to the binocularity of callosal neurons in cats (striate: Dreher and Cottee, 1975 ; Payne et al, 1980 , 1984 ; Blakemore et al, 1983 ; Yinon et al, 1988 ; extrastriate: Marzi et al, 1980 ). This result was not confirmed by other studies (Zeki and Fries, 1980 ; Lepore et al, 1983 ; Minciacchi and Antonini, 1984 ; Gardner and Cynader, 1987 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Callosal Influence on Visual Receptive Fields Has an Ocular, an Orientation-and Direction Bias

Conde-Ocazionez

Jungen

Wunderle

et al. 2018

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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One leading hypothesis on the nature of visual callosal connections (CC) is that they replicate features of intrahemispheric lateral connections. However, CC act also in the central part of the binocular visual field. In agreement, early experiments in cats indicated that they provide the ipsilateral eye part of binocular receptive fields (RFs) at the vertical midline (Berlucchi and Rizzolatti, 1968), and play a key role in stereoscopic function. But until today callosal inputs to receptive fields activated by one or both eyes were never compared simultaneously, because callosal function has been often studied by cutting or lesioning either corpus callosum or optic chiasm not allowing such a comparison. To investigate the functional contribution of CC in the intact cat visual system we recorded both monocular and binocular neuronal spiking responses and receptive fields in the 17/18 transition zone during reversible deactivation of the contralateral hemisphere. Unexpectedly from many of the previous reports, we observe no change in ocular dominance during CC deactivation. Throughout the transition zone, a majority of RFs shrink, but several also increase in size. RFs are significantly more affected for ipsi- as opposed to contralateral stimulation, but changes are also observed with binocular stimulation. Noteworthy, RF shrinkages are tiny and not correlated to the profound decreases of monocular and binocular firing rates. They depend more on orientation and direction preference than on eccentricity or ocular dominance of the receiving neuron's RF. Our findings confirm that in binocularly viewing mammals, binocular RFs near the midline are constructed via the direct geniculo-cortical pathway. They also support the idea that input from the two eyes complement each other through CC: Rather than linking parts of RFs separated by the vertical meridian, CC convey a modulatory influence, reflecting the feature selectivity of lateral circuits, with a strong cardinal bias.

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“…In fact, the number of binocularly driven cells in the visual cortex of rats and cats (Yinon et al, 1988) significantly reduces after permanent (callosal transection) or reversible (cooling) contralateral deafferentation. Most of these binocular cells are located on the area 171 18 lateral boundary (Hubel and Wiesel, 1967;Yinon et al, 1988) where the vertical meridian of the visual world is repre-sented. Some of them display slightly disparate ipsi-and contralateral visual receptive fields (see Bishop and Pettigrew, 1986).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Several lines of evidence indicate that the visual callosal projection plays an important role in binocular vision, depth perception (Mitchell and Blakemore, 1970;Whitteridge, 1972;Blakemore et al, 1983) and integration of both visual hemifields (Hubel and Wiesel, 1967). In fact, the number of binocularly driven cells in the visual cortex of rats and cats (Yinon et al, 1988) significantly reduces after permanent (callosal transection) or reversible (cooling) contralateral deafferentation. Most of these binocular cells are located on the area 171 18 lateral boundary (Hubel and Wiesel, 1967;Yinon et al, 1988) where the vertical meridian of the visual world is repre-sented.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pyramidal and nonpyramidal callosal cells in the striate cortex of the adult rat

Martínez‐Garciá

González‐Hernández

Martínez‐Millán

1994

J of Comparative Neurology

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The aim of this study has been to determine the neuronal types (pyramidal and nonpyramidal) within the rat's visual cortex, which project through the corpus callosum. To this end, the morphology and laminar distribution of callosal cells have been investigated by combining Diamidino Yellow retrograde tracing with intracellular injection of Lucifer Yellow in slightly fixed tissue slices. The visual callosal projection arises from pyramidal cells of diverse morphology in layers II to VIb, as well as from several modified pyramids located mainly in layers II, IV (star pyramids) and VIb (horizontal or inverted pyramids and related forms of spiny stellate cells). Our results indicate that in rats, as in other mammals, several types of nonpyramidal neurons also contribute to the contralateral projection. Bitufted cells in layers II-III and V were found to project contralaterally. Moreover, a spine-free layer V cell and a sparsely spiny multipolar neuron of layer IV were also labeled. In both stellate cells, partial axonal labeling reveals that these callosal cells display a local axonal arborization. Finally, our results of retrograde transport with Diamidino Yellow and with another sensitive retrograde tracer, the beta subunit of the cholera toxin, demonstrate for the first time that the two main neuronal types of layer I participate in the callosal projection. In layer I, several small horizontal cells of the inner half of layer I and a large subpial cell displaying long radiating dendrites were also injected. The latter cell may correspond to the Cajal-Retzius cell of the adult rat. In spite of the important differences in the organization of the visual system between rodents and cats, the callosal projection in both mammals is composed of a large variety of pyramidal cells and several nonpyramidal neurons. This high morphological diversity suggests that the callosal projection is much more physiologically complex than the extracortical efferents of the visual cortex, resembling other cortico-cortical connections. The roles that the different callosal cells may play in the processing of visual information are discussed in relation to the known functions of the corpus callosum.

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Corpus callosum transection reduces binocularity of cells in the visual cortex of adult cats

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Dendritic Morphology of Visual Callosal Neurons in the Golden Hamster

Dendritic Morphology of Visual Callosal Neurons in the Golden Hamster

Callosal Influence on Visual Receptive Fields Has an Ocular, an Orientation-and Direction Bias

Pyramidal and nonpyramidal callosal cells in the striate cortex of the adult rat

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