Correction: Additive effects on the energy barrier for synaptic vesicle fusion cause supralinear effects on the vesicle fusion rate

Munc13-1 and Munc18-1 together prevent NSF-dependent de-priming of synaptic vesicles

“…Our findings are in line with kinetic schemes considering the RRP as a dynamic equilibrium between priming and de-priming rates 34 35 .The RRP is generally defined as the pool of vesicles having a release probability >0. However, substantial heterogeneity exists among vesicles in the RRP and activity and/or modulatory signals change the likeliness that a given vesicle fuses upon a given Ca 2+ -increase (fusogenicity), probably due to modulation of the energy barrier for fusion 36 37 . It is already well documented that a Ca 2+ -dependent increase in the forward priming rate and presynaptic modulators such as diacylglycerol promote fusogenicity (and in some cases also the RRP size), and induce synaptic plasticity 21 33 36 38 .…”

“…It is already well documented that a Ca 2+ -dependent increase in the forward priming rate and presynaptic modulators such as diacylglycerol promote fusogenicity (and in some cases also the RRP size), and induce synaptic plasticity 21 33 36 38 . Plausible mechanisms for this modulation are an increase in the number of SNARE-complexes (partially) assembled per vesicle 37 39 or an increased efficiency of the fusion machinery, such as Munc13s (refs 38 , 40 , 41 ). In addition to the regulation of the forward priming rate, we now present evidence that de-priming is also regulated by presynaptic proteins.…”

“…The RRP size was determined by a rapid switch to external saline solution made hypertonic by the addition of 0.5 M sucrose for 7 s (ref. 37 ). All analyses were performed using Clampfit 10.2, MiniAnalysis (Synaptosoft) and custom-written software routines in Matlab R2010a.…”