Correction: Aphid symbionts and endogenous resistance traits mediate competition between rival parasitoids

Kraft, Laura J.; Kopco, James; Harmon, Jason P.; Oliver, Kerry M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190763

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This supports our findings of the immunity differences between Q1 and N116, given the lack of evidence of strong intrinsic immunity in pea aphids through encapsulating parasitoid eggs [ 11 , 13 , 15 , 16 ]. The immunity to the parasitoid A. ervi is usually conferred by defensive endosymbiotic bacteria as demonstrated by our findings, especially since the pea-aphid genome lacks essential immunity genes [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Therefore, the natural enemy of the host is an enemy of the symbiont. Lineages of the pea aphid exist in clonally reproducing populations under temperate favourable conditions, and these clones carry vertically transmitted (secondary) facultative symbionts in addition to its (primary) obligate symbiont Buchnera aphidicola [ 15 , 16 ]. The primary symbiont provides the aphid with nutrients that are lacking in its diet and that it could not otherwise produce [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symbiont-conferred immunity interacts with effects of parasitoid genotype and intraguild predation to affect aphid immunity in a clone-specific fashion

et al. 2022

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Background Host-parasite interactions represent complex co-evolving systems in which genetic and associated phenotypic variation within a species can significantly affect selective pressures on traits, such as host immunity, in the other. While often modelled as a two-species interaction between host and parasite, some systems are more complex due to effects of host enemies, intraguild predation, and endosymbionts, all of which affect host immunity. However, it remains unclear how these factors, combined with genetic variation in the host and the parasitoid, affect host immunity. We address this question in an important agricultural pest system, the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, which shows significant intraspecific variability in immunity to the parasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi. In a complex experiment, we use a quantitative genetic design in the parasitoid, two ecologically different aphid lineages and the aphid lion Chrysoperla carnea as an intraguild predator to unravel the complex interdependencies. Results We demonstrate that aphid immunity as a key trait of this complex host-parasite system is affected by intraspecific genetic variation in the parasitoid and the aphid, the interaction of intraspecific genetic variation with intraguild predation, and differences in defensive endosymbionts between aphid lineages. Further, aphid lineages differ in their altruistic behaviour whereby infested aphids move away from the clonal colony to facilitate predation. Conclusions Our findings provide new insights into the influence of endosymbiosis and genetic variability in an important host-parasitoid system which is influenced by natural enemies of the parasitoid and the aphid, including its endosymbiont communities. We show that endosymbiosis can mediate or influence the evolutionary arms race between aphids and their natural enemies. The outcome of these complex interactions between species has significant implications for understanding the evolution of multitrophic systems, including eco-agricultural settings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiont-conferred immunity interacts with effects of parasitoid genotype and intraguild predation to affect aphid immunity in a clone-specific fashion

et al. 2022

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“…Serratia symbiotica has not been reported in this lineage before. Given the lack of evidence of strong immunity in pea aphids by means of encapsulating parasitoid eggs [15,16], the immunity of N116 was dependent on the presence of this set of defensive endosymbionts [13]. Still, the presence of three defensive symbionts in the N116 lineage is unusual and further work is required to understand the significance of this finding.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiont-conferred immunity interacts with the effects of parasitoid genotype and intraguild predation to shape pea aphid immunity in a clone-specific fashion

Purkiss

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Host-parasite interactions represent complex co-evolving systems in which genetic variation within a species can significantly affect selective pressure on traits in the other (for example via inter-species indirect genetic effects). While often viewed as a two-species interaction between host and parasite species, some systems are more complex due to the involvement of symbionts in the host that influence its immunity, enemies of the host, and the parasite through intraguild predation. However, it remains unclear what the joint effects of intraguild predation, defensive endosymbiosis, within-species genetic variation and indirect genetic effects on host immunity are. We have addressed this question in an important agricultural pest system, the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, which shows significant intraspecific variability in immunity to the parasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi due to immunity conferring endosymbiotic bacteria. In a complex experiment involving a quantitative genetic design of the parasitoid, two ecologically different aphid lineages and the aphid lion Chrysoperla carnea as an intraguild predator, we demonstrate that aphid immunity is affected by intraspecific genetic variation in the parasitoid and the aphid, as well as by associated differences in the defensive endosymbiont communities. Using 16s rRNA sequencing, we identified secondary symbionts that differed between the lineages. We further show that aphid lineages differ in their altruistic behaviour once parasitised whereby infested aphids move away from the clonal colony to facilitate predation. The outcome of these complex between-species interactions not only shape important host-parasite systems but have also implications for understanding the evolution of multitrophic interactions, and aphid biocontrol.

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Correction: Aphid symbionts and endogenous resistance traits mediate competition between rival parasitoids

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Symbiont-conferred immunity interacts with effects of parasitoid genotype and intraguild predation to affect aphid immunity in a clone-specific fashion

Symbiont-conferred immunity interacts with effects of parasitoid genotype and intraguild predation to affect aphid immunity in a clone-specific fashion

Symbiont-conferred immunity interacts with the effects of parasitoid genotype and intraguild predation to shape pea aphid immunity in a clone-specific fashion

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