Correction: Brewer, R.; et al. Risk-Based Evaluation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Vapor Intrusion Studies. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, 10, 2441–2467

Brewer, Roger C.; Nagashima, Josh; Kelley, Michael E.; Heskett, Marvin; Rigby, Mark C.

doi:10.3390/ijerph110707182

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The Tier 1 assessment involves comparing conservative, generic screening-level concentrations or risk-based screening levels (RBSL). Higher tiers (Tiers 2 and 3) involve a greater degree of sophistication and expense for data collection and modeling but may allow overall cost savings because site-specific target levels are established as remediation goals [3][4]. Progression to a higher tier is warranted when the assumptions made to develop the RBSL are inappropriate relative to site conditions or when the expenditures associated with higher tier evaluation and subsequent corrective action are lower than the preceding tier remediation costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk-Based Approaches for the Remediation of a UST Site: A Case Study

Lien

Huang

Sheu

et al. 2014

AMM

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Risk-based corrective action (RBCA) is a scientifically-accepted approach to remediate polluted sites. Under the RBCA approach, the risks to human health associated with polluted sites are assessed and appropriate remedial measures are taken to reduce risks. RBCA evaluations involve the use of risk models to assess health risks to different receptors. In Taiwan, the Soil and Groundwater Remediation Act was enforced in 2000. The government of Taiwan also use risk assessment protocols to obtain acceptable remediation goals for polluted sites with low risks. In this study, the application of risk assessment to derive remediation goals and develop remedial strategies at a fuel-oil spill site were performed. After the risk evaluation, the soil and groundwater remediation goals for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) were determined. The remediation levels meet with the requirements for minimum target risk levels (cancer risk = 1×10-6 and hazard quotient = 1). The developed risk-based cleanup goals are calculated based on actual land use and exposure pathways rather than on assumed maximum exposure. After the completion of RBCA process, the remediation cost can be significantly reduced. Based on the risk assessment results, source zone remediation, natural attenuation, and long term monitoring were recommended as the remediation strategies of the studied site to reduce risks to human health. Results from this study provide a streamlined process for future risk assessment work at petroleum-hydrocarbon polluted sites in Taiwan. RBCA is a sound and defensible basis for site closure, and it offers a more logical framework for making site closure decisions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%