Correction due to the finite speed of light in absolute gravimeters

Nagornyi, V D; Zanimonskiy, Y. M.; Zanimonskiy, Y Y

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/48/3/c01

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…where the averaging coefficients C 0 and C 1 are defined in [4], and T m is the total measurement time interval. Alternatively, the speed-of-light effect can be compensated by transforming the time variable [6]:…”

Section: Finite Speed Of Light Glass Cube and Measured Gravity (Relat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(14) Least-squares adjustment of the model ( 14) to the displacement (13) without L returns unbiased estimates 6 :…”

Section: Glass Cube and Measured Gravity (Non-relativistic Derivation)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial velocity in equations (8) and(11) relates to the start of T m and is positive, while g is a negative number, because the Z-axis in[1] is positive upwards 5. In the original text, (B.7) is given with a misprint: a factor 2 is missed at T 2 6. We denote 'bias' or 'effect' with the symbol 'Δ', which has an opposite sign to 'correction', denoted with 'δ'.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dynamic phase shift within a falling glass cube is negligible: comment on ‘Relativistic theory of the falling retroreflector gravimeter’

Svitlov

2018

Metrologia

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A recent paper (Ashby 2018 Metrologia 55 1) provides a rigorous relativistic treatment of the laser interferometer with a free-falling cube retroreflector. When considering the phase shift due to the light propagation within the glass cube, the associated effect was found to be 6.8 µGal. The constant phase shift was misinterpreted in the data analysis, producing a pseudo effect. We show that the time-dependent phase shift within the glass cube causes a negligible bias of the computed gravity acceleration and analyze the misconceptions that afforded a different conclusion.

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Section: Finite Speed Of Light Glass Cube and Measured Gravity (Relat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(14) Least-squares adjustment of the model ( 14) to the displacement (13) without L returns unbiased estimates 6 :…”

Section: Glass Cube and Measured Gravity (Non-relativistic Derivation)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Dynamic phase shift within a falling glass cube is negligible: comment on ‘Relativistic theory of the falling retroreflector gravimeter’

Svitlov

2018

Metrologia

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“…In equation (13) we see how the perturbation due to the finite value of c enters into the final formula. Notice that it does not affect the contribution from the gradient at the order of interest.…”

Section: Constant Accelerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 'speed of light correction' has been computed in several works in the past [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. A systematic derivation and comparison of the previous different results (with their limitations) has been presented recently [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental assessment of the speed of light perturbation in free-fall absolute gravimeters

et al. 2015

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Precision absolute gravity measurements are growing in importance, especially in the context of the new definition of the kilogram. For the case of free-fall absolute gravimeters with a Michelson-type interferometer tracking the position of a free falling body, one of the effects that needs to be taken into account is the 'speed of light perturbation' due to the finite speed of propagation of light. This effect has been extensively discussed in the past, and there is at present a disagreement between different studies. In this work, we present the analysis of new data and confirm the result expected from the theoretical analysis applied nowadays in free-fall gravimeters. We also review the standard derivations of this effect (by using phase shift or Doppler effect arguments) and show their equivalence.

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Status of the International Gravity Reference System and Frame

Wziontek

Bonvalot

Falk

et al. 2021

J Geod

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The increasing importance of terrestrial gravimetry in monitoring global change processes, in providing a reference for satellite measurements and in applications in metrology necessitates a stable reference system reflecting the measurement accuracy achievable by modern gravimeters. Therefore, over the last decade, the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) has developed a system to achieve accurate, homogeneous, long-term global recording of Earth’s gravity, while taking advantage of the potential of today’s absolute gravity measurements. The current status of the International Gravity Reference System and Frame is presented as worked out by the IAG Joint Working Group 2.1.1 “Establishment of a global absolute gravity reference system” during the period 2015–2019. Here, the system is defined by the instantaneous acceleration of free-fall, expressed in the International System of Units (SI) and a set of conventional corrections for the time-independent components of gravity effects. The frame as the systems realization includes a set of conventional temporal gravity corrections which represent a uniform set of minimum requirements. Measurements with absolute gravimeters, the traceability of which is ensured by comparisons and monitoring at reference stations, provide the basis of the frame. A global set of such stations providing absolute gravity values at the microgal level is the backbone of the frame. Core stations with at least one available space geodetic technique will provide a link to the terrestrial reference frame. Expanded facilities enabling instrumental verification as well as repeated regional and additional comparisons will complement key comparisons at the level of the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) and ensure a common reference and the traceability to the SI. To make the gravity reference system accessible to any user and to replace the previous IGSN71 network, an infrastructure based on absolute gravity observations needs to be built up. This requires the support of national agencies, which are encouraged to establish compatible first order gravity networks and to provide information about existing absolute gravity observations.

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Correction due to the finite speed of light in absolute gravimeters

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Dynamic phase shift within a falling glass cube is negligible: comment on ‘Relativistic theory of the falling retroreflector gravimeter’

Dynamic phase shift within a falling glass cube is negligible: comment on ‘Relativistic theory of the falling retroreflector gravimeter’

Experimental assessment of the speed of light perturbation in free-fall absolute gravimeters

Status of the International Gravity Reference System and Frame

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