Correction for fast guessing and the speed-accuracy tradeoff in choice reaction time

Yellott, John I.

doi:10.1016/0022-2496(71)90011-3

Cited by 180 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…4c Upper Left shows this increase for subjects with many or few errors overall in experiment 2. This pattern rules out interpretations of priming due to fast guessing, triggered by the mere detection of the prime (20), and is at odds with the hypothesis that primes remain unprocessed themselves but exert their effects by facilitating or inhibiting the processing of the mask (6,21). Instead, primes seem to fully activate the corresponding response, leading to incorrect responses on incongruent trials unless countermanded (which is possible at short SOAs only).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 54%

Different time courses for visual perception and action priming

Vorberg

Mattler

Heinecke

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

426

575

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Visual stimuli may remain invisible but nevertheless produce strong and reliable effects on subsequent actions. How well features of a masked prime are perceived depends crucially on its physical parameters and those of the mask. We manipulated the visibility of masked stimuli and contrasted it with their influence on the speed of motor actions, comparing the temporal dynamics of visual awareness in metacontrast masking with that of action priming under the same conditions. We observed priming with identical time course for reportable and invisible prime stimuli, despite qualitative changes in the masking time course. Our findings indicate that experimental variations that modify the subjective visual experience of masked stimuli have no effect on motor effects of those stimuli in early processing. We propose a model that provides a quantitative account of priming effects on response speed and accuracy.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 54%

Different time courses for visual perception and action priming

Vorberg

Mattler

Heinecke

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

426

575

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…MROM and DRC use the same mechanism for lexical decision; in particular, both models assume that "nonword" responses are given when a temporal deadline is exceeded (cf. Swensson, 1972;Yellott, 1971). The temporal deadline mechanism marks a major conceptual divide between MROM and DRC on the one hand and the diffusion model on the other.…”

Section: The Deadline Model For Lexical Decisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A diffusion model account of criterion shifts in the lexical decision task

Wagenmakers

Ratcliff

Gómez

et al. 2008

Journal of Memory and Language

265

479

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Performance in the lexical decision task is highly dependent on decision criteria. These criteria can be influenced by speed versus accuracy instructions and word/nonword proportions. Experiment 1 showed that error responses speed up relative to correct responses under instructions to respond quickly. Experiment 2 showed that that responses to less probable stimuli are slower and less accurate than responses to more probable stimuli. The data from both experiments support the diffusion model for lexical decision . At the same time, the data provide evidence against the popular deadline model for lexical decision. The deadline model assumes that "nonword" responses are given only after the "word" response has timed out -consequently, the deadline model cannot account for the data from experimental conditions in which "nonword" responses are systematically faster than "word" responses.

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“…The possibility of such contamination plagues all RT research (e.g., Pachella, 1974), of course-not just research focusing on correlations. Within correlational RT research, it appears that the possibility of such contamination can be addressed only by using a formal model to combine RT and accuracy into a single measure of processing efficiency (e.g., Brown & Heathcote, 2005;Ratcliff, 1978;Yellott, 1971).…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental chronometry and individual differences: Modeling reliabilities and correlations of reaction time means and effect sizes

2013

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We used a general stage-based model of reaction time (RT) to investigate the psychometric properties of mean RTs and experimental effect sizes (i.e., differences in mean RTs). Using the model, formulas were derived for the reliabilities of mean RTs and RT difference scores, and these formulas provide guidance about the number of trials per participant needed to obtain reliable estimates of these measures. In addition, formulas were derived for various different types of correlations computed in RT research (e.g., correlations between a mean RT and an external non-RT measure, between two mean RTs, between a mean RT and an RT effect size). The analysis revealed that observed RT-based correlations depend on many parameters of the underlying processes contributing to RT. We conclude that these correlations often fail to support the inferences drawn from them and that their proper interpretation is far more complex than is generally acknowledged.

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Correction for fast guessing and the speed-accuracy tradeoff in choice reaction time

Abstract: 1 I am indebted to Robert Ollman, especially for pointing out to me that Eq. 6, which is valid for the special case rri = rra = .5, holds more generally for any presentation probabilities in the form of Eq. 3. I thank also

Cited by 180 publications

References 8 publications

Different time courses for visual perception and action priming

Different time courses for visual perception and action priming

A diffusion model account of criterion shifts in the lexical decision task

Mental chronometry and individual differences: Modeling reliabilities and correlations of reaction time means and effect sizes

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