Correction: Genetic inhibition of neurotransmission reveals role of glutamatergic input to dopamine neurons in high-effort behavior

Abstract

In Figure 1e and f, "F4 control" should be "Cre/tdTomato" and "F4Cre KO" should be "F4Cre/tdTomato". In addition, in the Figure1f legend, the first sentence should end with "(Cre/tdTomato: n = 10, F4Cre/tdTomato: n = 14)".In the 'Materials and Methods' section, under 'Electrophysiology,' the n values for evoked action potential recordings were omitted. The sentence 'For high-frequency stimulus-induced action potentials, the stimulus electrode was placed in the rostral part of VTA and a train of 100 Hz stimuli (1 s) was applied' should end with '(Cre/tdTomato: n=10, F4Cre/tdTomato: n=14).'Later in the same paragraph, in 'For recording evoked EPSCs (Cre/tdTomato, n=13, F4Cre/tdTomato, n=15; AMPA EPSCs were recorded at -70 mV and NMDA EPSCs were recorded at +40 mV)', the phrase 'Cre/tdTomato, n=13, F4Cre/tdTomato, n=15' should be deleted; those n values should have appeared at the end of the later sentence beginning 'Miniature ESPCs...'. The complete, corrected sentence is 'Miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) were acquired in the presence of 0.5-1 μM TTX and 100 μM picrotoxin and semiautomatically detected by offline analysis using in-house software in Igor Pro (Wavemetrics, Portland, OR, USA) (Cre/tdTomato, n=13, F4Cre/tdTomato, n=15).'Finally, in the 'Materials and Methods' section, third sentence under 'Immunohistochemistry,' information for one TH antibody was omitted. The list of antibodies should end with 'or Millipore MAB5280, 1:1000-1:2000.'

Role for VGLUT2 in selective vulnerability of midbrain dopamine neurons

“…DA neurons in these mice lack functional NMDA receptors and show approximately 90% reduction in AMPA-mediated EPSCs (32). However, expression of VGLUT2 in the SNc of these quadruple conditional KO mice still led to degeneration of SNc DA neurons (Supplemental Figure 3), comparable to what we detected in DAT Cre mice with WT expression of glutamate receptor subunits (Table 1).…”

Dopamine, Immunity, and Disease

“…The administration of BH4 itself, as well as folic acid, L-methylfolate, or S-adenosyl-methionine, all of which have roles in the synthesis and/or regeneration of BH4 ( Shintaku, 2002 ; Stahl, 2007 ), have demonstrated efficacy as adjuvants to antidepressants ( Papakostas et al, 2010 ; Ginsberg et al, 2011 ). Other alternative therapeutic targets could be inhibition of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase pathway or glutamate, which both can modulate dopamine release ( Rassoulpour et al, 2005 ; Hutchison et al, 2018 ). The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase antagonist 1-methyl tryptophan can mitigate the impact of inflammatory stimuli such as LPS on depressive-like behavior ( O’Connor, Lawson, André, Briley et al, 2009 , O’Connor, Lawson, André, Moreau et al, 2009 ).…”

For Value or for Worth? Part 1: Speaking Syllogistic Attractors of Appropriations in a Thought-Action-Mood-Space

“…Therefore a decrease in expected effort both for approach or retreat could in part be encoded by DA (see part 2), while stimulation near the substantia nigra pars compacta results in instrumental learning [48]. Effort itself is emerging as a result of specifically patterned glutamatergic input on midbrain DA-neurons [51].…”