Correction: HA gene amino acid mutations contribute to antigenic variation and immune escape of H9N2 influenza virus

Zhu, Rui; Xu, Shunshun; Sun, Wei; Quan, Li; Wang, Shifeng; Shi, Huoying; Liu, Xiufan

doi:10.1186/s13567-022-01131-z

“…7A ). Consistent with these observations, a previous report using the strain A/chicken/Shanghai/F/98 (H9N2) determined position 180 as directly responsible for antigenic drift ( 29 ). Variability at position 180 was also reported in field isolates from Morocco between 2018 and 2019, reinforcing a preponderant role of position 180 in evading pre-existing immunity ( 45 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…This is consistent with the results observed between WF10 h9.4.1 (cyan) and h9.4.2 (blue). Antigenically relevant positions such as 180 and 217 have also been shown to affect receptor binding avidity ( 28 , 50 , 51 ), as it has position 216 ( 3 , 23 , 52 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the absence of a standardized approach for sera production, these analyses have shown some significant clues about the antigenic makeup of the H9 HA. Combined with studies using mouse mAbs, a cluster of amino acids has been shown to affect the antigenic profile of the HA, namely those at positions 72, 74, 121, 131, 135, 150, 180, 183, 195, 198, 216, 217, 249, 264, 276, 288, and 306 (H9 numbering throughout the manuscript) ( 16 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 29 ). Further analyses on the contributions of each of these and alternative positions to antigenicity/receptor binding avidity are discussed later in the context of this report’s findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Antigenic mapping of the hemagglutinin of the H9 subtype influenza A viruses using sera from Japanese quail ( Coturnix c. japonica )

Carnaccini,

Cáceres,

Gay

et al. 2023

J Virol

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Influenza A viruses (FLUAV) of the H9N2 subtype are zoonotic pathogens that cause significant economic damage to the poultry industry. Vaccination to prevent and control H9N2 infections in poultry is widely employed in the Middle East and Asia. We used phylogenetics and antigenic analysis to study the antigenic properties of the H9 hemagglutinin (HA) using sera produced in Japanese quail ( Coturnix c. japonica ). Consensus HA1 sequences were generated to capture antigenic diversity among isolates. We constructed chimeric H9N2 viruses containing the HA1 of each consensus sequence on a constant isogenic backbone. The resulting viruses were used to generate antisera from quail, a common and significant minor poultry species whose anti-HA response profiles remain poorly defined. Antigenic maps were generated by plotting the cross-hemagglutination inhibition (HI) data from the panel of quail sera against the chimeric constructs and 51 H9 field isolates. The chimeric antigens were divided into four different antigenic profiles (cyan, blue, orange, and red). Site-directed mutagenesis analysis showed nine amino acid positions of antigenic relevance. Substitutions at amino acid positions 149, 150, and 180 (H9 HA numbering) had relatively significant impact on HI activity using quail sera. Substitutions E180A and R131K/E180A led to the most significant antigenic change transitions. This study provides insights into the antigenic profile of H9 FLUAVs, with important implications for understanding antigenic drift and improving vaccine development for use in minor poultry species. IMPORTANCE Determining the relevant amino acids involved in antigenic drift on the surface protein hemagglutinin (HA) is critical to understand influenza virus evolution and efficient assessment of vaccine strains relative to current circulating strains. We used antigenic cartography to generate an antigenic map of the H9 hemagglutinin (HA) using sera produced in one of the most relevant minor poultry species, Japanese quail. Key antigenic positions were identified and tested to confirm their impact on the antigenic profile. This work provides a better understanding of the antigenic diversity of the H9 HA as it relates to reactivity to quail sera and will facilitate a rational approach for selecting more efficacious vaccines against poultry-origin H9 influenza viruses in minor poultry species.

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“…Many studies have demonstrated that the substitution of HA protein amino acids is a key determinant of viral antigenic variation ( Kaverin et al, 2004 ; Okamatsu et al, 2008 ; Ping et al, 2008 ; Wan et al, 2014 ; Zhu et al, 2015 , 2022 ; Peacock et al, 2016 ; Jin et al, 2019 ; Xu et al, 2022 ; Lyashko et al, 2024 ), and the antigenic drift of NA may be a by-product of HA ( Hensley et al, 2011 ). The two have co-evolved to assist IAV immune escape.…”

Section: Iav Escapes From Adaptive Immunementioning

confidence: 99%

Virus versus host: influenza A virus circumvents the immune responses

Su,

Chen,

Li

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

1

0

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Influenza A virus (IAV) is a highly contagious pathogen causing dreadful losses to humans and animals around the globe. As is known, immune escape is a strategy that benefits the proliferation of IAVs by antagonizing, blocking, and suppressing immune surveillance. The HA protein binds to the sialic acid (SA) receptor to enter the cytoplasm and initiate viral infection. The conserved components of the viral genome produced during replication, known as the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), are thought to be critical factors for the activation of effective innate immunity by triggering dependent signaling pathways after recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), followed by a cascade of adaptive immunity. Viral infection-induced immune responses establish an antiviral state in the host to effectively inhibit virus replication and enhance viral clearance. However, IAV has evolved multiple mechanisms that allow it to synthesize and transport viral components by “playing games” with the host. At its heart, this review will describe how host and viral factors interact to facilitate the viral evasion of host immune responses.

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Antigenic mapping of the hemagglutinin of the H9 subtype influenza A viruses using sera from Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica)

Carnaccini

¹

,

Cáceres

²

,

Gay

³

et al. 2023

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Influenza A viruses (FLUAV) of the H9N2 subtype are zoonotic pathogens that cause significant economic damage to the poultry industry. Vaccination to prevent and control H9N2 infections in poultry is widely employed in the Middle East and Asia. We used phylogenetics and antigenic analysis to study the antigenic properties of the H9 hemagglutinin (HA) using sera produced in Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica). Consensus HA1 sequences were generated to capture antigenic diversity among isolates. We constructed chimeric H9N2 viruses containing the HA1 of each consensus sequence on a constant isogenic backbone. The resulting viruses were used to generate antisera from quail, a common and significant minor poultry species whose anti-HA response profiles remain poorly defined. Antigenic maps were generated by plotting the cross-hemagglutination inhibition (HI) data from the panel of quail sera against the chimeric constructs and 51 H9 field isolates. The chimeric antigens were divided into four different antigenic profiles (cyan, blue, orange, and red). Site-directed mutagenesis analysis showed 9 amino acid positions of antigenic relevance. Substitutions at amino acid positions 149, 150, and 180 (H9 HA numbering) had relatively significant impact on HI activity using quail sera. Substitutions E180A and R131K/E180A led to the most significant antigenic change transitions. This study provides insights into the antigenic profile of H9 FLUAVs, with important implications for understanding antigenic drift and improving vaccine development for use in minor poultry species.

show abstract

Correction: HA gene amino acid mutations contribute to antigenic variation and immune escape of H9N2 influenza virus

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Antigenic mapping of the hemagglutinin of the H9 subtype influenza A viruses using sera from Japanese quail ( Coturnix c. japonica )

Antigenic mapping of the hemagglutinin of the H9 subtype influenza A viruses using sera from Japanese quail ( Coturnix c. japonica )

Virus versus host: influenza A virus circumvents the immune responses

Antigenic mapping of the hemagglutinin of the H9 subtype influenza A viruses using sera from Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica)

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