The preparation and characterization of all-thiol-protected noble-metal nanoclusters represent significant advancements in the field of nanomaterials. One of the emerging trends in the study of silver nanoclusters in particular, is the generation of sulfide-type silver at their surfaces as a result of surface protection by thiols. Here, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to identify the structure and composition of 2 nm tioproninprotected silver nanoclusters arranged in one-dimensional chains. Silver K-edge XAS multi-path refinements and wavelet-transformed XAS analysis found that the nanoclusters comprised small metal cores surrounded by thick sulfide-type shells. This further demonstrates that the sulfidetype shell is a prevalent surface structure throughout silver nanoclusters protected by thiols. In addition, the antibacterial activities of the nanoclusters were also examined; they were found to be active against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria, thereby shedding light on the effects of both the surface structure and the special arrangement of the nanoclusters.