Density functional theory was used
to study the interaction of
methyl bromide (MeBr) and water with a large number metal catecholates.
Differences in the binding mechanism of MeBr and water result in differences
in the adsorption selectivity of the alkaline earth, early transition,
and late transition metals. The binding of water is primarily driven
by electrostatic attraction between the water oxygen atom and the
metal, which means the alkaline earth and early transition metals
heavily favor water over MeBr. For the more electronegative late transition
metals, MeBr donates a significant amount of electron density to the
metal, which dominates over the electrostatic binding effect. These
metals favor MeBr over water, based on single molecule adsorption
calculations. However, calculations of simultaneous adsorption of
water and MeBr indicate that MeBr adsorption on late transition metals
such as Pt and Au is detrimentally affected by the presence of water,
while MeBr adsorption on Ca is more resistant to the presence of humidity.
Therefore, despite lower single-component selectivity for MeBr, Ca
and other alkaline earth metals might offer advantages for MeBr adsorption
applications in humid environments. Also, in the case of four metals
(Sc, Y, Hf, and Ta), MeBr is predicted to dissociate and bind separately
to the metal as a Br atom and a methyl group, resulting in a very
favorable binding energy (>275 kJ/mol).