Correction to: Increase of catastrophic health expenditure while it does not have socio-economic anymore; finding from a district on Tehran after recent extensive health sector reform

Kazemi-Galougahi, Mohammad Hassan; Dadgar, Elham; Kavosi, Zahra; Majdzadeh, Reza

doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4542-y

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Health insurance is having a positive effect on dispersing the risk of health financing for people, and the utilization of healthcare services has also increased. However, with the social inequity worsening, the level of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) that each individual or household can't afford was also increasing [1][2][3]. CHE was an indicator of how much healthcare expenses a household has spent relative to its solvency [2].…”

Section: Main Manuscript: Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of Healthcare Utilization and Out-of-pocket Expenditure for Severe Disease by Health Security System: based on End-stage Renal Disease in South Korea

Shin¹

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Korea's health security system named National Health Insurance and Medical Aid has revolutionized the nation's mandatory health insurance and continues to reduce excessive copayments. However, few have been studied on healthcare utilization and expenditure according to the health security system in case of severe disease. This study looked at reverse discrimination within End-Stage Renal Disease between National Health Insurance and Medical Aid. Methods: Subjects were a total of 305 diagnosed with End-Stage Renal Disease in Korea Health Panel from 2008 to 2013. Chi-square, t-test, and ANCOVA were conducted to identify healthcare utilization rate, out-of-pocket expenditure, and catastrophic expenditure rate. Fixed effect panel analysis was used to evaluate total out-of-pocket expenditure over a 6-year trend by National Health Insurance and Medical Aid. Results: There were no significant differences in healthcare utilization rate in emergency-room visits, admission, or out-patient department visits between National Health Insurance and Medical Aid because healthcare service was essential for a serious disease such as End-Stage Renal Disease. Meanwhile, each out-of-pocket expenditure for admission and out-patient department in National Health Insurance was 2.6 and 3.1 times higher than Medical Aid (P<0.05). A total of out-of-pocket expenditure including emergency-room visits, admission, out-patient department visits, and prescribed drug expenditure was 2.9 times higher in National Health Insurance than those of Medical Aid (P<0.001). Over a 6-year trend for a total of out-of-pocket expenditure, subjects with National Health Insurance spent more than those of Medical Aid (P<0.01). If annual household gross income was less than the median and subjects were covered by National Health Insurance, the catastrophic health expenditure rate was 85.9%, but 47.1% in Medical Aid (P<0.001). Conclusion: Serious disease such as End-Stage Renal Disease can result in reverse discrimination depending on the type of health security system. It is necessary to consider those who belong to National Health Insurance but are still poor. Key words: National Health Insurance, Medical Aid, Healthcare utilization, Out-of-pocket expenditure, End-stage Renal Disease, Catastrophic health expenditure

show abstract

Section: Main Manuscript: Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plot means and predicted means of total personal out-of-pocket medical expenditure by medical security system1) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Healthcare Utilization and Out-of-pocket Expenditure for Severe Disease by Health Security System: based on End-stage Renal Disease in South Korea

Shin¹

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Table 5. Trend for personal total out-of-pocket medical expenditure [1][2][3] according to NHI and MA (Table 6). 2) Adding gross earned income and gross asset income in households, and adjusted for household size according to a consumption equivalence scale.…”

Section: Healthcare Utilization According To Nhi and Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Health insurance is having a positive effect on dispersing the risk of health nancing for people, and the utilization of healthcare services has also increased. However, with the social equity worsening, the level of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) that each individual or household can't afford was also increasing [1][2][3]. The CHE is an indicator of how much the burden on healthcare expenditure compared to the household capacity to pay [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure and Catastrophic Health Expenditure for Severe Disease by Health Security System: based on End-stage Renal Disease in South Korea

Shin

Lee²

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Korea's health security system named National Health Insurance and Medical Aid has revolutionized the nation's mandatory health insurance and continues to reduce excessive copayments. However, few have been studied on healthcare utilization and expenditure according to the health security system in case of severe disease. This study looked at reverse discrimination within end-stage renal disease between National Health Insurance and Medical Aid. Methods: Subjects were a total of 305 diagnosed with end-stage renal disease in Korea Health Panel from 2008 to 2013. Chi-square, t-test, and ANCOVA were conducted to identify healthcare utilization rate, out-of-pocket expenditure, and prevalence of catastrophic expenditure. Mixed effect panel analysis was used to evaluate total out-of-pocket expenditure over a 6-year trend by National Health Insurance and Medical Aid. Results: There were no significant differences in healthcare utilization rate in emergency-room visits, admission, or out-patient department visits between National Health Insurance and Medical Aid because healthcare service was essential for a serious disease such as End-stage Renal Disease.Meanwhile, each out-of-pocket expenditure for admission and out-patient department in National Health Insurance was 2.6 and 3.1 times higher than Medical Aid (P<0.05). A total of out-of-pocket expenditure including emergency-room visits, admission, out-patient department visits, and prescribed drug expenditure was 2.9 times higher in National Health Insurance than those of Medical Aid (P<0.001). Over a 6-year trend for a total of out-of-pocket expenditure, subjects with National Health Insurance spent more than those of Medical Aid (P<0.01). If total household income decile was less than the median and subjects were covered by National Health Insurance, the catastrophic health expenditure rate was 92.2%, but 58.8% in Medical Aid (P<0.001). Conclusion: Serious disease such as end-stage renal disease can result in reverse discrimination depending on the type of health security system. It is necessary to consider those who belong to National Health Insurance but are still poor.

show abstract

“…Health insurance has a positive effect on dispersing the risk of health nancing for people, and the utilization of healthcare services has also increased. However, as social inequity increases, the level of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) that each individual or household can afford is also decreasing [1][2][3]. The CHE is an indicator of the burden of healthcare expenditure and households' capacity to pay [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Out-of-pocket Expenditure and Catastrophic Health Expenditure for Severe Disease by the Health Security System: Based on End-stage Renal Disease in South Korea

Shin

Lee²

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Korea's health security system named the National Health Insurance and Medical Aid has revolutionized the nation's mandatory health insurance and continues to reduce excessive copayments. However, few studies have examined healthcare utilization and expenditure by the health security system for severe diseases. This study looked at reverse discrimination regarding end-stage renal disease by the National Health Insurance and Medical Aid.Methods: A total of 305 subjects were diagnosed with end-stage renal disease in the Korea Health Panel from 2008 to 2013. Chi-square, t-test, and ANCOVA were conducted to identify the healthcare utilization rate, out-of-pocket expenditure, and the prevalence of catastrophic expenditure. Mixed effect panel analysis was used to evaluate total out-of-pocket expenditure by the National Health Insurance and Medical Aid over a 6-year period.Results: There were no significant differences in the healthcare utilization rate for emergency room visits, admissions, or outpatient department visits between the National Health Insurance and Medical Aid because these healthcare services were essential for individuals with serious diseases, such as end-stage renal disease. Meanwhile, each out-of-pocket expenditure for an admission and the outpatient department by the National Health Insurance was 2.6 and 3.1 times higher than that of Medical Aid (P<0.05). The total out-of-pocket expenditure, including that for emergency room visits, admission, outpatient department visits, and prescribed drugs, was 2.9 times higher for the National Health Insurance than Medical Aid (P<0.001). Over a 6-year period, in terms of total of out-of-pocket expenditure, subjects with the National Health Insurance spent more than those with Medical Aid (P<0.01). If the total household income decile was less than the median and subjects were covered by the National Health Insurance, the catastrophic health expenditure rate was 92.2%, but it was only 58.8% for Medical Aid (P<0.001).Conclusion: Individuals with serious diseases, such as end-stage renal disease, can be faced with reverse discrimination depending on the type of insurance that is provided by the health security system. It is necessary to consider individuals who have National Health Insurance but are still poor.

show abstract

Correction to: Increase of catastrophic health expenditure while it does not have socio-economic anymore; finding from a district on Tehran after recent extensive health sector reform

Abstract: In the original publication of this article [1], the title should be revised as blow:

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Comparison of Healthcare Utilization and Out-of-pocket Expenditure for Severe Disease by Health Security System: based on End-stage Renal Disease in South Korea

Comparison of Healthcare Utilization and Out-of-pocket Expenditure for Severe Disease by Health Security System: based on End-stage Renal Disease in South Korea

Comparison of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure and Catastrophic Health Expenditure for Severe Disease by Health Security System: based on End-stage Renal Disease in South Korea

Comparison of Out-of-pocket Expenditure and Catastrophic Health Expenditure for Severe Disease by the Health Security System: Based on End-stage Renal Disease in South Korea

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About