Correction to “Pc2 EMIC waves generated high off the equator in the dayside outer magnetosphere”

Liu, Y. H.; Fraser, B. J.; Menk, F. W.; Zhang, J.‐C.; Kistler, L. M.; Dandouras, I.

doi:10.1002/grl.50283

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The waves are observed at L = 10.7–11.5, MLT = 10.3–10.4, and MLAT = 33.2 ° –48.6 ° . This event is then compared to another event, previously published, observed on 16 February 2004 [ Liu et al ., , ]. In this comparison, we extend the published observations of the 2004 event to investigate two proxies for wave generation and calculate the Poynting vector spectrum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In this paper, we have examined a set of EMIC waves that are observed in situ by Cluster on 9 April 2005 from 0345 to 0531 UT and performed a comparison to another event occurring on 16 February 2004 [ Liu et al ., , ] by expanding the previous studies of the event to include wave generation proxies and Poynting vector spectrum. The main results are summarized as follows: Both the 2004 and the 2005 events occurred at midmagnetic‐latitudes, ~20 ° –13 ° and ~33 ° –49 ° , L shells of ~13 and ~11, and MLTs of ~13 and ~10, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[]. Furthermore, this study provides a comparison between this event and the 16 February 2004 midlatitude EMIC event that was recently published [ Liu et al ., , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple bidirectional EMIC waves observed by Cluster at middle magnetic latitudes in the dayside magnetosphere

et al. 2013

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[1] It is well accepted that the propagation of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are bidirectional near their source regions and unidirectional when away from these regions. The generally believed source region for EMIC waves is around the magnetic equatorial plane. Here we describe a series of EMIC waves in the Pc1 (0.2-5 Hz) frequency band above the local He + cyclotron frequency observed in situ by all four Cluster spacecraft on 9 April 2005 at midmagnetic latitudes (MLAT =~33°-49°) with L = 10.7-11.5 on the dayside (MLT = 10.3-10.4). A Poynting vector spectrum shows that the wave packets consist of multiple groups of packets propagating bidirectionally, rather than unidirectionally, away from the equator, while the local plasma conditions indicate that the spacecraft are entering into a region sufficient for local wave excitation. One possible interpretation is that, while part of the observed waves are inside their source region, the others are either close enough to the source region, or mixed with the wave packets from multiple source regions at different latitudes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple bidirectional EMIC waves observed by Cluster at middle magnetic latitudes in the dayside magnetosphere

et al. 2013

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“…These off‐equator and high L shell regions of local magnetic minima and warm temperature anisotropy could then be favorable for the generation of the EMIC wave instability. Case studies of off‐equator EMIC waves have reported local plasma populations that meet the criteria for EMIC generation [ Liu et al ., ; Allen et al ., ; Liu et al ., ]. The current paper serves as the first statistical investigation of EMIC wave‐associated plasma conditions and wave generation proxies in these high‐latitude regions in an effort to find if the same 11° limitation, observed in the inner magnetosphere [ Loto'aniu et al ., ], is observed in the outer magnetosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

A statistical study of EMIC waves observed by Cluster: 2. Associated plasma conditions

et al. 2016

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This is the second in a pair of papers discussing a statistical study of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves detected during 10 years (2001–2010) of Cluster observations. In the first paper, an analysis of EMIC wave properties (i.e., wave power, polarization, normal angle, and wave propagation angle) is presented in both the magnetic latitude (MLAT)‐distance as well as magnetic local time (MLT)‐L frames. This paper focuses on the distribution of EMIC wave‐associated plasma conditions as well as two EMIC wave generation proxies (the electron plasma frequency to gyrofrequency ratio proxy and the linear theory proxy) in these same frames. Based on the distributions of hot H+ anisotropy, electron and hot H+ density measurements, hot H+ parallel plasma beta, and the calculated wave generation proxies, three source regions of EMIC waves appear to exist: (1) the well‐known overlap between cold plasmaspheric or plume populations with hot anisotropic ring current populations in the postnoon to dusk MLT region; (2) regions all along the dayside magnetosphere at high L shells related to dayside magnetospheric compression and drift shell splitting; and (3) off‐equator regions possibly associated with the Shabansky orbits in the dayside magnetosphere.

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“…Similarly to the approach of Loto'aniu et al (), Allen et al () observed EMIC waves with bidirectional Poynting flux during times when the background magnetic field and plasma conditions were seen to meet criteria for wave growth based on the linear theory for EMIC wave generation (Blum et al, ; Gary & Lee, ). However, because of the orbit of Cluster, neither the observations in Allen et al () nor those in Liu et al () were fully sufficient for discerning whether the bidirectional Poynting vector of the waves were actually due to local generation or were a result of reflection, due to the entire interval being observed as bidirectionally propagating. As has been theorized and shown recently in simulations, EMIC waves propagating along the magnetic field from a low‐latitude source region can be reflected back toward the equator as the waves pass through some critical frequency at high latitudes, like the bi‐ion hybrid or crossover frequency [see Kim & Johnson, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

EMIC Waves in the Outer Magnetosphere: Observations of an Off‐Equator Source Region

Vines

Allen

Anderson

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves at large L shells were observed away from the magnetic equator by the Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS) mission nearly continuously for over four hours on 28 October 2015. During this event, the wave Poynting vector direction systematically changed from parallel to the magnetic field (toward the equator), to bidirectional, to antiparallel (away from the equator). These changes coincide with the shift in the location of the minimum in the magnetic field in the southern hemisphere from poleward to equatorward of MMS. The local plasma conditions measured with the EMIC waves also suggest that the outer magnetospheric region sampled during this event was generally unstable to EMIC wave growth. Together, these observations indicate that the bidirectionally propagating wave packets were not a result of reflection at high latitudes but that MMS passed through an off‐equator EMIC wave source region associated with the local minimum in the magnetic field.

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Correction to “Pc2 EMIC waves generated high off the equator in the dayside outer magnetosphere”

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Multiple bidirectional EMIC waves observed by Cluster at middle magnetic latitudes in the dayside magnetosphere

Multiple bidirectional EMIC waves observed by Cluster at middle magnetic latitudes in the dayside magnetosphere

A statistical study of EMIC waves observed by Cluster: 2. Associated plasma conditions

EMIC Waves in the Outer Magnetosphere: Observations of an Off‐Equator Source Region

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