High-fructose intake is one of the high-risk factors for hypertension. Several probiotics have been reported to reduce high blood pressure (BP) via modulating gut microbiota, but the mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of probiotics is insufficiently understood. Herein, we investigated the antihypertensive effect of
Bifidobacterium lactis
M8 and
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
M9 based on the integrative analysis of gut metagenome and serum metabolome in high-fructose-treated mice. After 16-week intervention, M8 and M9 significantly reduced the median blood pressure by 16.92% and 15.39% in SBP, and 18.56% and 20.62% in DBP, respectively. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the increased
Lawsonia
and
Pyrolobus
, and reduced
Alistipes
and
Alloprevotella
levels were tightly correlated with lowered BP. Functionally, the decreased pathways of “base excision repair” (BER) and “D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism” were associated with BP reduction. Metabolomics data analysis further revealed that the probiotic interventions regulated vascular smooth muscle contraction, serotonergic synapse, cholinergic synapse, and lipid and vitamin metabolism in BP control. Additionally, association analyses indicated a strong negative correlation between
Alistipes
and “steroid hormone biosynthesis,” suggesting that
Alistipes
could affect blood pressure by changing steroid hormone levels. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the probiotic efficacies in alleviating hypertension are linked to specific gut microbes and metabolic pathways, which provide a potential mechanistic understanding of probiotics modulated blood pressure, paving the way for future assessment of the therapeutic potential of probiotics in hypertension management.
Elevated blood pressure affects 40% of the adult population, which accounts for high cardiovascular disease risk and further high mortality yearly. The global understanding of the gut microbiome for hypertension may provide important insights into the prevention.
Bifidobacterium lactis
M8 and
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
M9 originated from human breast milk, were able to decrease blood pressure, and modified metabolites in a high fructose-induced elevated blood pressure mouse model. Moreover, we found there was a close relationship between unexplored gut microbes and elevated blood pressure. Also, subsequently, the cross-link was explored among gut microbes, metabolites, and some metabolic pathways in gut microbial environment through introducing novel prediction methodology and bioinformatic analysis. It allowed us to hypothesize that probiotics can prevent elevated blood pressure via gut microbiota and related metabolism.Thus, utilization of dietary strategies (such as probiotics) to maintain the blood pressure level is of crucial importance.