Correction to: Role of intestinal microbiome in American ginseng-mediated colon cancer prevention in high fat diet-fed AOM/DSS mice

Wang, Chong‐Zhi; Huang, Wei‐Hua; Zhang, C.-F.; Wan, Jianwei; Wang, Y.; Yu, Chunhao; Williams, Stephanie; He, Tong‐Chuan; Du, Wei; Musch, Mark W.; Chang, Eugene B.; Yuan, Chun‐Su

doi:10.1007/s12094-017-1766-3

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are the main metabolites produced during the microbial fermentation in the large intestine, are strongly diminished in OVX rats compared to normal females [10]. In a mouse model for colitis-associated CRC, the richness and diversity of the composition of the gut microbiota were altered upon treatment with azoxymethane (AOM) and/or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) [12][13][14]. However, little is known about the relationship between testosterone and the gut microbiota.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Gut Microbiome upon Orchiectomy and Testosterone Administration in AOM/DSS-Induced Colon Cancer Mouse Model

et al. 2023

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Sex hormones are known to affect the gut microbiota. Previously, we reported that endogenous and exogenous testosterone are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) development and submucosal invasion. In the present study, we investigated whether the gut microbiota is affected by orchiectomy (ORX) and testosterone propionate (TP) administration using an azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced CRC mouse model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Gut Microbiome upon Orchiectomy and Testosterone Administration in AOM/DSS-Induced Colon Cancer Mouse Model

et al. 2023

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“…This animal model is well established for the identification of multistep tumor progression based on the presence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF)-adenoma-carcinoma sequence, through which, molecular alterations are assessed in specific phases of the carcinogenic process 12 . According to several reports, the richness and diversity of the composition of the gut microbiota change upon treatment with AOM and/or DSS 13 – 15 . Particularly, in female C57BL/6 mice treated with 4% DSS, the relative abundance of the Lactobacillus group was lower while that of Enterobacteriaceae, Akkermansia and Desulfovibrio were higher 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

17β-Estradiol supplementation changes gut microbiota diversity in intact and colorectal cancer-induced ICR male mice

Song

Kim

Nam

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The composition of the gut microbiota is influenced by sex hormones and colorectal cancer (CRC). Previously, we reported that 17β-estradiol (E2) inhibits azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/ DSS)-induced tumorigenesis in male mice. Here, we investigated whether the composition of the gut microbiota is different between male and female, and is regulated by estrogen as a secondary outcome of previous studies. We established four groups of mice based on the sex and estrogen status [ovariectomized (OVX) female and E2-treated male]. Additionally, three groups of males were established by treating them with AOM/DSS, and E2, after subjecting them to AOM/DSS treatment. The mice were sacrificed at 21 weeks old. The composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA metagenomics sequencing. We observed a significant increase in the microbial diversity (Chao1 index) in females, males supplemented with E2, and males treated with AOM/DSS/E2 compared with normal males. In normal physiological condition, sex difference and E2 treatment did not affect the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B). However, in AOM/DSS-treated male mice, E2 supplementation showed significantly lower level of the F/B ratio. The ratio of commensal bacteria to opportunistic pathogens was higher in females and E2-treated males compared to normal males and females subjected to OVX. Unexpectedly, this ratio was higher in the AOM/DSS group than that determined in other males and the AOM/DSS/E2 group. Our findings suggest that estrogen alters the gut microbiota in ICR (CrljOri:CD1) mice, particularly AOM/DSS-treated males, by decreasing the F/B ratio and changing Shannon and Simpson index by supply of estrogen. This highlights another possibility that estrogen could cause changes in the gut microbiota, thereby reducing the risk of developing CRC. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in both men and women in the United States, with an estimation of 101,420 and 51,020 new cases of cancer and cancer-related deaths, respectively, in 2019 1. Chronic inflammation following viral or bacterial infections is considered as an important risk factor involved in human carcinogenesis, including CRC 2 and its association has been reported, particularly in infections such as viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma 3 , as well as that of Helicobacter pylori and gastric adenocarcinoma 4. Moreover, it has been reported that opportunistic pathogens play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus gallolyticus (formerly known as S. bovis), Enterococcus faecalis, and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (a toxin-producing bacteria) have been considered as candidate microorganisms responsible for triggering the colorectal carcinogenesis 5. Additionally, results obtained from several animal experiments have suggested that these bacteria could be the causative microorganisms responsible for colorectal carcinogenesis 5. According to a recent report, infection with F. nucleatum had pr...

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“…reported that diarrhoea mice had lower abundance of Firmicutes in the intestinal flora than healthy mice. After ginseng was administered, the abundance of Firmicutes increased [19] . Li et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After ginseng was administered, the abundance of Firmicutes increased. [19] Li et al found that the extract of ginseng and the seed of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes in rats with spleen deficiency syndrome.…”

Section: Key Phylotypes Of the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotransformation of Ginsenosides (Rb₁, Rb₂, Rb₃, Rc) in Human Intestinal Bacteria and Its Effect on Intestinal Flora

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2021

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Ginsenosides, including Rb 1 , Rb 2 , Rb 3 and Rc, belong to protopanaxadiol-type saponins in Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. Their contents are high in P. ginseng. They could inhibit oxidant stress, enhance immunity, lower blood sugar, resist tumor cells and facilitate other physiological activities. This study aimed to explore the interaction between ginsenosides Rb 1 , Rb 2 , Rb 3 and Rc and the intestinal flora of healthy people. It also sought to analyse the biotransformation products and pathways of these ginsenosides in in-vitro human intestinal bacteria and their effects on the diversity of human intestinal flora. Human intestinal bacteria were incubated with ginsenosides Rb 1 , Rb 2 , Rb 3 and Rc at 37 °C under anaerobic conditions. Samples were taken at different timepoints. The transformed products were identified by rapid high-resolution liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. After 48 h of transformation, the transformed product of ginsenosides Rb 1 , Rb 2 , Rb 3 and Rc was ginsenoside compound K. The transformation rates were 83.5 %, 88.7 %, 85.6 %, and 84.2 %. 16S rRNA sequencing technology was applied to the bioinformatic analysis of faecal samples incubated for 48 h. Relative to the blank control, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria significantly increased at the phylum level. Moreover, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes significantly decreased in ginsenosides Rb 1 , Rb 2 , Rb 3 and Rc. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Escherichia significantly increased, whereas that of Dorea, Prevotella and Megasphaera significantly decreased in all groups. These results showed that Rb 1 , Rb 2 , Rb 3 and Rc could improve the structure and diversity of human intestinal flora and balance the metabolic process.

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Correction to: Role of intestinal microbiome in American ginseng-mediated colon cancer prevention in high fat diet-fed AOM/DSS mice

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Changes in Gut Microbiome upon Orchiectomy and Testosterone Administration in AOM/DSS-Induced Colon Cancer Mouse Model

Changes in Gut Microbiome upon Orchiectomy and Testosterone Administration in AOM/DSS-Induced Colon Cancer Mouse Model

17β-Estradiol supplementation changes gut microbiota diversity in intact and colorectal cancer-induced ICR male mice

Biotransformation of Ginsenosides (Rb₁, Rb₂, Rb₃, Rc) in Human Intestinal Bacteria and Its Effect on Intestinal Flora

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Correction to: Role of intestinal microbiome in American ginseng-mediated colon cancer prevention in high fat diet-fed AOM/DSS mice

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Changes in Gut Microbiome upon Orchiectomy and Testosterone Administration in AOM/DSS-Induced Colon Cancer Mouse Model

Changes in Gut Microbiome upon Orchiectomy and Testosterone Administration in AOM/DSS-Induced Colon Cancer Mouse Model

17β-Estradiol supplementation changes gut microbiota diversity in intact and colorectal cancer-induced ICR male mice

Biotransformation of Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc) in Human Intestinal Bacteria and Its Effect on Intestinal Flora

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Biotransformation of Ginsenosides (Rb₁, Rb₂, Rb₃, Rc) in Human Intestinal Bacteria and Its Effect on Intestinal Flora