Correlated changes in perceptions of the gender and orientation of ambiguous biological motion figures

Brooks, Anna; Schouten, Ben; Troje, Nikolaus F.; Verfaillie, Karl; Blanke, Olaf; Zwan, Rick van der

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.06.054

Cited by 77 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For comparison, we also show proportions of FTV responses from the initial study (light gray squares). Figure 1A clearly shows that the pattern of proportions of FTV responses as a function of figure gender in the present experiment (black circles) is highly different from the pattern reported in Brooks et al (2008;light gray squares). In that initial study, we found that the facing bias was strongly modified by figure gender.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…Following this line of reasoning, in an initial study we (Brooks et al, 2008) recently investigated the effect of the perceived gender of an ambiguous point-light figure on its perceived in-depth orientation. In the study of , only male walkers were shown.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet observers show a bias toward seeing a walker facing the viewer (Vanrie, Dekeyser, & Verfaillie, 2004). Recently, we reported that this facing bias strongly depends on the gender of the walker (Brooks et al, 2008). The goal of the present study was, first, to examine the robustness of the effect by testing a much larger subject sample and, second, to investigate whether the effect depends on observer sex.…”

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confidence: 88%

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The facing bias in biological motion perception: Effects of stimulus gender and observer sex

Schouten

Troje

Brooks

et al. 2010

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Under orthographic projection, biological motion point-light walkers offer no cues to the order of the dots in depth: Views from the front and from the back result in the very same stimulus. Yet observers show a bias toward seeing a walker facing the viewer (Vanrie, Dekeyser, & Verfaillie, 2004). Recently, we reported that this facing bias strongly depends on the gender of the walker (Brooks et al., 2008). The goal of the present study was, first, to examine the robustness of the effect by testing a much larger subject sample and, second, to investigate whether the effect depends on observer sex. Despite the fact that we found a significant effect of figure gender, we clearly failed to replicate the strong effect observed in the original study. We did, however, observe a significant interaction between figure gender and observer sex.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 88%

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The facing bias in biological motion perception: Effects of stimulus gender and observer sex

Schouten

Troje

Brooks

et al. 2010

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…Inter footstrike intervals were consistent (950 ms) and initial impact sounds were synchronised with the visual PLWs so that they always occurred at the point in the walking pattern that corresponded with the walkers' feet hitting the ground data suggest that the walker one standard deviation below the objective mean of the gender continuum (walker ¡1) was subjectively the most gender-ambiguous walker, giving rise to equal numbers of female and male judgements (comparing the observed proportion of male responses = 0.412 to the point of subjective ambiguity 0.5; t 9 = ¡0.83, P > 0.05). In those respects these data replicate Wndings reported elsewhere (Brooks et al 2008;Troje et al 2006).…”

Section: Preliminary Datasupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Using only recordings of the foot-strikes of a range of female and male actors as stimuli, Li et al (1991) demonstrated that gender was correctly identiWed on 72% of trials. In the case of both visual and auditory tasks, sensitivity to gender cues seems to be independent of observer gender (Brooks et al 2008;Li et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Gender bending: auditory cues affect visual judgements of gender in biological motion displays

et al. 2009

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The movement of an organism typically provides an observer with information in more than one sensory modality. The integration of information modalities reduces the likelihood that the observer will be confronted with a scene that is perceptually ambiguous. With that in mind, observers were presented with a series of point-light walkers each of which varied in the strength of the gender information they carried. Presenting those stimuli with auditory walking sequences containing ambiguous gender information had no eVect on observers' ratings of visually perceived gender. When the visual stimuli were paired with auditory cues that were unambiguously female, observers' judgments of walker gender shifted such that ambiguous walkers were judged to look more female. To show that this is a perceptual rather than a cognitive eVect, we induced visual gender after-eVects with and without accompanying female auditory cues. The pairing of gender-neutral visual stimuli with unambiguous female auditory cues during adaptation elicited male after-eVects. These data suggest that biological motion processing mechanisms can integrate auditory and visual cues to facilitate the extraction of higher-order features like gender. Possible neural substrates are discussed.

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Biased distance estimation in social anxiety disorder: A new avenue for understanding avoidance behavior

et al. 2020

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Objectives: People regulate their interpersonal space appropriately to obtain a comfortable distance for interacting with others. Socially anxious individuals are especially prone to discomfort from and fear of physical closeness, leading them to prefer a greater interpersonal distance from others. Previous studies also indicate that fear can enhance the threat-related elements of a threatening stimulus. For example, spider phobia is associated with estimating spiders as bigger and faster than they actually are. Nonetheless, it is still unclear whether the preference of those with social anxiety disorder (SAD) to maintain greater distance from others is associated with biased estimations of interpersonal distance. Materials and Methods: A total of 87 participants (44 clinically diagnosed with SAD and 43 control) performed validated computerized and ecological tasks in a real-life setting while social space estimations and preferences were measured. Results: Participants with SAD felt comfortable when maintaining a greater distance from unfamiliar others compared to the control group and estimated unfamiliar others to be closer to them than they actually were. Moreover, the estimation bias predicted their preferred distance from strangers, indicating a strong association between estimation bias severity and actual approach-avoidance behavior. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that distance estimation bias underlies avoidance behavior in SAD, suggesting the involvement of a new cognitive mechanism in personal space regulation.

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Correlated changes in perceptions of the gender and orientation of ambiguous biological motion figures

Cited by 77 publications

References 9 publications

The facing bias in biological motion perception: Effects of stimulus gender and observer sex

The facing bias in biological motion perception: Effects of stimulus gender and observer sex

Gender bending: auditory cues affect visual judgements of gender in biological motion displays

Biased distance estimation in social anxiety disorder: A new avenue for understanding avoidance behavior

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