Correlates of ante- and postnatal depression in fathers: A systematic review

WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Paternal mental disorders during the postnatal period are associated with an increased risk for behavioral and emotional problems in their children; however, less is known about the effect of fathers' mental health during pregnancy on children' s development. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:The study demonstrated a positive association between fathers' prenatal mental health and their children' s subsequent socioemotional and behavioral development. Psychological distress in fathers was associated with a risk for emotional difficulties in their children at 36 months of age. abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between symptoms of psychological distress in expectant fathers and socioemotional and behavioral outcomes in their children at age 36 months. METHODS:The current study is based on data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study on 31 663 children. Information about fathers' mental health was obtained by self-report (Hopkins Symptom Checklist) in week 17 or 18 of gestation. Information about mothers' pre-and postnatal mental health and children' s socioemotional and behavioral development at 36 months of age was obtained from parent-report questionnaires. Linear multiple regression and logistic regression models were performed while controlling for demographics, lifestyle variables, and mothers' mental health.RESULTS: Three percent of the fathers had high levels of psychological distress. Using linear regression models, we found a small positive association between fathers' psychological distress and children' s behavioral difficulties, B = 0.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.15-0.23); emotional difficulties, B = 0.22 (95% CI = 0.18-0.26); and social functioning, B = 0.12 (95% CI = 0.07-0.16). The associations did not change when adjusted for relevant confounders. Children whose fathers had high levels of psychological distress had higher levels of emotional and behavioral problems.CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that some risk of future child emotional, behavioral, and social problems can be identified during pregnancy. The findings are of importance for clinicians and policy makers in their planning of health care in the perinatal period because this represents a significant opportunity for preventive intervention. Ms Kvalevaag has made a substantial contribution to concept and design of the study and to the analysis and interpretation of data. She is the first author of the manuscript and thus has drafted it and has been responsible for coordinating the communication between coauthors in all stages of the work. Dr Ramchandani made a substantial contribution to the development of research questions and hypotheses and made suggestions for analyses to be performed. He thoroughly revised the manuscript several times and approved of the final version of the manuscript. Dr Hove contributed to the concept and design of the study, development of research questions and hypotheses, and interpretation of results. He critically revised the manuscript, including the final versi...

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“…These differences may reflect the use of different instruments, and the sample sizes of the studies also varied widely. 22 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paternal Mental Health and Socioemotional and Behavioral Development in Their Children

Kvalevaag

Ramchandani²,

Hove

et al. 2013

Pediatrics

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“…4 Lo más probable es que los padres experimenten una primera aparición de la PPD paterna en los primeros 3 a 6 meses del período posparto.…”

Section: Prevalencia De La Depresión Posparto Paternaunclassified

“…1 Los estudios sugieren que entre el 4 y el 25 por ciento de los padres sufre PPD paterna, 2,3 índices que no difieren de los de las madres. 4 Lo más probable es que los padres experimenten una primera aparición de la PPD paterna en los primeros 3 a 6 meses del período posparto. 5 Gran parte de lo que se sabe acerca de la PPD paterna proviene de los estudios de las madres y la PPD.…”

Section: Prevalencia De La Depresión Posparto Paternaunclassified

Paternal Postpartum Depression

Biebel

Alikhan

2018

JPFMH

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Aunque históricamente la depresión posparto (PPD, por sus siglas en inglés) se ha asociado en mayor medida con las madres, en los últimos tiempos se han generado una mayor conciencia sobre la experiencia de los padres y estrategias para abordar la depresión posparto en los hombres. Para los padres dispuestos a buscar ayuda, la falta de reconocimiento de la PPD paterna da lugar a apoyos y tratamientos limitados. Dadas las posibles consecuencias de la PPD paterna, es fundamental que los padres que acaban de tener hijos y los proveedores de salud reconozcan la prevalencia de la PPD paterna, los síntomas y las dificultades que implica este problema para los hombres. Prevalencia de la depresión posparto paternaTanto para los hombres como para las mujeres, la PPD se define como una depresión moderada a grave que se diagnostica en el período posparto, que es poco después o hasta un año después del parto.1 Los estudios sugieren que entre el 4 y el 25 por ciento de los padres sufre PPD paterna, 2,3 índices que no difieren de los de las madres. 4 Lo más probable es que los padres experimenten una primera aparición de la PPD paterna en los primeros 3 a 6 meses del período posparto. 5Gran parte de lo que se sabe acerca de la PPD paterna proviene de los estudios de las madres y la PPD. Las investigaciones sugieren que la depresión en un miembro de la pareja se correlaciona considerablemente con la depresión en el otro. 6,7,3,8 Un estudio demostró que entre el 24 y el 50 por ciento de los hombres con PPD paterna también tenía pareja con PPD.9 Esto indica que hay una alta probabilidad de que los bebés se puedan encontrar en situaciones familiares en donde varios de los cuidadores están deprimidos, lo que puede derivar en alteraciones más graves en el desarrollo del bebé. 10La PPD materna es el principal factor de riesgo para predecir la PPD paterna.11,12 Aunque la relación entre la PPD materna y paterna aún se está investigando, los estudios indican que las parejas masculinas de mujeres deprimidas generalmente se sienten menos apoyados y experimentan más miedo, confusión, frustración, enojo e incertidumbre. 13Convertirse en padre está asociado con falta de sueño, demandas nuevas y crecientes, y responsabilidades nuevas que pueden provocar estrés, miedo y ansiedad, lo cual puede producir depresión 14,15. Los hombres con antecedentes de depresión, así como aquellos que son padres jóvenes tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar PPD paterna. Es probable que los hombres no mencionen sus síntomas de depresión debido al estigma asociado con esta y las preocupaciones por no adaptarse a los conceptos culturales de masculinidad. 7 Síntomas de la depresión posparto paternaLa depresión posparto incluye episodios depresivos que duran más de dos semanas durante el período posparto. Los síntomas asociados con la PPD paterna y materna incluyen:• Pérdida de interés en las actividades.

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“…This great association did not occur in the other two times of assessment, so the immediate postpartum period seemed to be the most vulnerable time for the couple morbidity. In this time, according to literature, depression in one partner is the biggest risk factor of depression in the other one (Baldoni et al 2009;Wee et al 2011). The great association between EPDS couple scores in the immediate postpartum, seems to suggest that the birth is a crisis event for the emotional well-being of both parents, and we can assume the existence of couple baby blues in which the mood of each partner affects the other (see Table 4).…”

Section: ; Edhborg 2008)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the psychological vulnerability of neo-fathers has been overlooked for a long time, and it has been little studied as compared with maternal mental-health (Solantaus & Salo 2005). In the last ten years, researchers have shown interest in studying the phenomenon of Paternal Perinatal Depression (PPD) which can affect the emotional state of the fathers from pregnancy to the first year of life of the child (Luca & However, having a partner with elevated depressive symptoms or depression is the most important predictive factor of perinatal depression in fathers (Goodman 2004;Schumacher et al 2008; Wee et al 2011). Literature reports that the incidence of PPD during the first postpartum year can vary from 1.2% to 25.5% in community samples and from 24% to 50% among men whose partners have developed a postpartum depression (Goodman 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of paternal perinatal depressive mood and its relationship with maternal depression symptomatology: An Italian study

Cattaneo¹,

Macchi²,

Salerno³

et al. 2015

IJANS

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Background: Literature shows that the birth of a child is a vulnerability moment for the mental well-being of both parents.Objectives: estimate the prevalence of a depressive symptomatology in an Italian sample of new fathers during the first six months postpartum and provide its association with maternal mood.Methods: 244 neo- parents filled the Italian version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and a General Information Questionnaire between 2/5 days after delivery during the hospitalization in the Mother-infant Department of an Italian hospital and after 2 and 6 months postpartum by mailed.Results: in the first week postpartum, 6.65% of fathers had a EPDS score ≥ 10, this percentage decreases to 2.63% at 2 months and 2.59% at 6 months postpartum. Previous history of anxiety/panic attacks in fathers was a risk factor for a depressive symptomatology of them after 2 and 6 months postpartum. Paternal and maternal depressive mood were correlated most of the times and associated especially after births when a depressed father is more than 5 time frequently associated to a depressed mother 2 months later.Conclusions: experimental data suggest that neo-fathers experiment depressive symptoms especially in the immediate postpartum when their mood is associated with maternal mood in a significant way. Health care professionals should pay great attention to the neo-parental couple mood.

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Correlates of ante- and postnatal depression in fathers: A systematic review

Cited by 229 publications

References 45 publications

Paternal Mental Health and Socioemotional and Behavioral Development in Their Children

Paternal Mental Health and Socioemotional and Behavioral Development in Their Children

Paternal Postpartum Depression

Prevalence of paternal perinatal depressive mood and its relationship with maternal depression symptomatology: An Italian study

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