Correlates of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Scores in Women in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

AlQuaiz, AlJohara M; Kazi, Ambreen; Qureshı, Riaz; Siddiqui, Amna Rehana; Jamal, Amr; Shaik, Shaffi Ahamed

doi:10.1080/03630242.2014.972020

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In addition in most countries, the built environment, inadequate public transportation systems, and lack of spaces for walkers or joggers discourage exercise [ 15 , 20 , 26 , 31 , 38 , 42 , 46 , 47 , 53 – 68 ]. As in other studies, time constraints were mentioned as barriers [ 15 , 26 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 40 – 42 , 46 , 52 , 54 , 67 , 69 – 73 ], in addition to insufficient motivation or interest [ 25 , 26 , 34 , 44 , 46 , 54 , 71 , 73 ], other priorities [ 26 ], and lack of skills [ 26 , 44 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical inactivity, gender and culture in Arab countries: a systematic assessment of the literature

et al. 2018

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BackgroundPhysical inactivity is associated with excess weight and adverse health outcomes. We synthesize the evidence on physical inactivity and its social determinants in Arab countries, with special attention to gender and cultural context.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Popline, and SSCI for articles published between 2000 and 2016, assessing the prevalence of physical inactivity and its social determinants. We also included national survey reports on physical activity, and searched for analyses of the social context of physical activity.ResultsWe found 172 articles meeting inclusion criteria. Standardized data are available from surveys by the World Health Organization for almost all countries, but journal articles show great variability in definitions, measurements and methodology. Prevalence of inactivity among adults and children/adolescents is high across countries, and is higher among women. Some determinants of physical inactivity in the region (age, gender, low education) are shared with other regions, but specific aspects of the cultural context of the region seem particularly discouraging of physical activity. We draw on social science studies to gain insights into why this is so.ConclusionsPhysical inactivity among Arab adults and children/adolescents is high. Studies using harmonized approaches, rigorous analytic techniques and a deeper examination of context are needed to design appropriate interventions.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5472-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical inactivity, gender and culture in Arab countries: a systematic assessment of the literature

et al. 2018

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“…Seventeen studies reported on the prevalence of smoking among women. Ten studies were undertaken among university students [ 20 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 29 , 30 , 32 – 35 ], two among employees [ 37 , 38 ], one at a leisure place [ 40 ], one among people presenting in hospital [ 47 ], and three studies within national or regional populations [ 66 , 67 , 79 ]. The prevalence of smoking ranged from 1.1% to 9.1% in the above populations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of hypertension was reported in seventeen studies. Three were among university students [ 22 , 25 , 28 ], two were among employees [ 36 , 37 ], two others were among healthy volunteers [ 40 , 41 ], four were from primary care centers (PCCs) and health clinics [ 47 , 51 – 53 ], and seven were conducted on a national or regional level [ 14 , 57 , 59 , 62 , 69 , 70 , 75 ]. Hypertension prevalence among university students was only 2.7%, while the average prevalence among women was 21.8%, the majority of whom were over age 40, from the PCCs and national studies (see Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diabetes is an age-prevalent disease; as men or women get older, this increases the chance of having this disease detected. Two studies that were conducted among university students showed low prevalence, ranging from 1% to 2.1% [ 22 , 25 ], while among employees and healthy volunteers the diabetes prevalence ranged from 4% to 5.2% [ 36 , 37 , 40 ]. Seven studies reported on the prevalence among patients from the PCCs and at a national level that ranged from 9.6% to 27.6%, most of them being over age 40 [ 14 , 47 , 48 , 52 , 54 , 63 , 78 ] (see Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Women in Saudi Arabia and the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review

Alshaikh

Filippidis

Baldove

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Background. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death in Saudi Arabia. Saudi women in particular are more susceptible as there are sociocultural restrictions on female physical activities that may lead to high prevalence of CVD risks, especially obesity, and physical inactivity. This study aims to systematically review the published articles related to the prevalence of CVD risk among women in Saudi Arabia. The search strategy covers all published articles that assess the risk factor of CVD in Saudi Arabia from January 2000 to December 2015, using the following sources: Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO. A total of 61 studies were included. Results. Prevalence among Saudi women of smoking ranged from 1.1% to 9.1%, hypertension was 21.8%, diabetes ranged from 9.6% to 27.6%, overweight was 27%, and obesity was 40.23%, and physical inactivity ranged from 53.2% to 98.1%. Hypercholesterolemia prevalence on Saudi women on average was 24.5%, while metabolic syndrome ranged from 13.6% to 40.3%. Conclusion. The prevalence of CVD risk factors is high among women in Saudi Arabia especially in obesity and physical inactivity. Public health authorities must implement solutions from a gender specific aspect to reverse the trend and decrease the prevalence of CVDs among Saudi women.

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“…Lack of exercise partner) 25,57,69,70,72,[118][119][120][121][123][124][125][128][129][130]134,141,142 . Lack of exercise partner) 25,176,177,[179][180][181][182] .…”

Section: Number Of Prevalence Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the Middle East and North Africa: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Chaabane

Chaabna

Abraham

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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to support the global strategy to reduce risk factors for obesity, we synthesized the evidence on physical activity (pA) and sedentary behaviour in the Middle east and north Africa (MenA) region. Our systematic overview included seven systematic reviews reporting 229 primary studies. The metaanalysis included 125 prevalence measures from 20 MENA countries. After 2000, 50.8% of adults (ranging from 13.2% in Sudan to 94.9% in Jordan) and 25.6% of youth (ranging from 8.3% in Egypt to 51.0% in Lebanon) were sufficiently active. Limited data on PA behaviours is available for MENA countries, with the exception of Gulf Cooperation Council countries. The meta-regression identified gender and geographical coverage among youth, and the pA measurement as predictors of pA prevalence for both adults and youth. Our analysis suggests a significant PA prevalence increase among adults over the last two decades. the inconsistency in sedentary behaviour measurement is related to the absence of standardized guidelines for its quantification and interpretation. The global epidemic of insufficient PA is prevalent in MENA. Lower PA participation among youth and specifically females should be addressed by focused lifestyle interventions. the recognition of sedentary behaviour as a public health issue in the region remains unclear. Additional data on pA behaviours is needed from lowand middle-income countries in the region. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) kill 41 million people worldwide each year-equivalent to 71% of all deaths 1. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has one of the highest rates of NCDs in the world. In 2017, the region reported the second highest prevalence of diabetes in the world (10.8%) 2 and is recording a rapid increase in obesity 3,4. Insufficient physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour are key risk factors for obesity and other NCDs 5-15 leading to premature mortality 10,11,16-18. It has been suggested that PA has the potential to effectively control and reduce the burden of obesity during the various phases of human development 19. Regular PA can also improve self-esteem, cognitive performance, and academic achievement in young people 7,20,21 and is positively related to cardiorespiratory and metabolic health 6. Recently, sedentary behaviour has received global attention as prolonged sedentary time is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and an increase in all-cause mortality, regardless of individuals meeting the recommended levels of PA 13,15. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA) are targeting a relative reduction of 10% in the global prevalence of physical inactivity among adults by 2025 22,23. Currently, one of the most pressing needs to improve population health is to develop appropriate policies and implement interventions to address the global pandemic of physical inactivity 24,25. However, to support this action, country-level evidence on PA behaviour in various population groups is essential. Both regional-and coun...

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Correlates of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Scores in Women in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Physical inactivity, gender and culture in Arab countries: a systematic assessment of the literature

Physical inactivity, gender and culture in Arab countries: a systematic assessment of the literature

Women in Saudi Arabia and the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review

Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the Middle East and North Africa: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis

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