Correlates of depression among school going adolescents in the urban area of Patna in eastern India

Abstract

Background: Depression is a hidden pandemic among adolescents with multi-factorial causal risk and risk correlates. Objectives: To find the prevalence of depression and risk factors among school-going adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 838 adolescents enrolled in 6 th –11 th standards (age: 11–19 years) in 15 urban schools in Patna city by using the modified Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); binary logistic regression was applied to find significant risk correlates. Results: Depression was noted among 51.2% adolescents of our study participants: mild 32.3%, moderate 14.3%, moderately severe 3.9%, severe depression 0.6%; among early adolescents (46.2%; boys-21.2%, girls-78.8%) and among late adolescents (55.3%, boys-34.7%, girls-65.3%). Adolescent depression was significantly associated in our study with female gender, late adolescence, higher classes (9th–11th), vegetarian diet, soft drink consumption, fast foods, screen time, domestic harassment, academic dissatisfaction, parental discord as well as mental illness. Girls had higher risk who were in higher classes, on a vegetarian diet, habitually on soft drink, more screen time (>3 h), face more family nuisance, parents brawling frequently, and suffering from known mental diseases. Conclusion: Depression was noted in more than half of the adolescents, with a higher prevalence in girls, scholastic failure, higher grades, vegetarian diet, more screen time, familial disease, and conflict.

Mental Health Issues Among School Children and Adolescents in India: A Systematic Review

“…The study aimed to identify original research about mental health issues among school children and adolescents aged 19 years and under in India from studies published predominantly between January 2013 and August 2023. To obtain relevant articles, our initial literature search yielded 358 articles, 31 of which were included in this systematic review, the characteristics of which are summarized in The systematic review includes 24 cross-sectional studies [19,20,23,24,[26][27][28][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]46,47], two descriptive cross-section studies [17,18], two comparative cross-section studies [21,29], whereas one randomized control trial [22], one survey study [25], and one intervention study [45] respectively. This review had 30,970 participants, of which 14381 (46.43%) were male.…”

“…The systematic review includes 24 cross-sectional studies [ 19 , 20 , 23 , 24 , 26 - 28 , 30 - 44 , 46 , 47 ], two descriptive cross-section studies [ 17 , 18 ], two comparative cross-section studies [ 21 , 29 ], whereas one randomized control trial [ 22 ], one survey study [ 25 ], and one intervention study [ 45 ] respectively. This review had 30,970 participants, of which 14381 (46.43%) were male.…”

“…Out of a total of 31 studies, the maximum number of studies, i.e., seven studies from Karnataka [ 26 , 27 , 33 , 36 , 41 , 44 , 45 ], three studies from Tamil Nadu [ 23 , 25 , 47 ], and Gujrat [ 33 , 35 , 40 ], two studies each from Delhi [ 17 , 46 ], Bihar [ 20 , 38 ], Assam [ 18 , 37 ], Uttarakhand [ 19 , 28 ], Pondicherry [ 29 , 42 ], and West Bengal [ 21 , 43 ], and rest of the studies one each from Uttar Pradesh [ 34 ], Haryana [ 31 ], Kerala [ 39 ], Rajasthan [ 30 ], Kashmir [ 24 ], and Goa [ 22 ]. These results highlight the range of research efforts in the states and territories mentioned, emphasizing their geographical diversity.…”

Prevalence of Smartphone Addiction and its Relation with Depression among School-going Adolescents

“…[20] A study by Bharti reported that 51.2% of adolescents had depression. [21] However, a communitybased study by Mohta in Haryana reported a comparatively lower prevalence of depression (20.6%). [22] Adolescents are already vulnerable to mental health issues, including depression, due to physical, emotional and social changes.…”

Prevalence of Depression in School-Going Adolescents and Its Impact on Scholastic Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…An adolescent's social and personal lives may suffer as a result of the prevalence of depression. Because depression is a mental illness that affects young people, it is crucial to know how common it is among adolescents in school [ 9 ].…”