Correlates of increased lean muscle mass in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Carmina, Enrico; Guastella, Ettore; Longo, Rosa Alba; Rini, G. B.; Løbo, Rogerio A.

doi:10.1530/eje-09-0398

Cited by 77 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In turn, consistent with our results, a previous study has found that overweight/obese PCOS women presented increased lean mass as compared to normal controls [ 17 ] . In this sense, our patients with classic PCOS presented higher BMI than ovulatory PCOS and control women, refl ecting the great prevalence of overweight/obesity in PCOS -ranging from 30 to 70 % in diff erent populations [ 1 , 2 , 31 -34 ] .…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

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Lean Muscle Mass in Classic or Ovulatory PCOS: Association with Central Obesity and Insulin Resistance

Mario

Amarante

Toscani

et al. 2012

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes

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This age-matched case-control study assessed total and segmental lean muscle mass in classic or ovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and investigated whether lean mass is associated with hormone and metabolic features. Participants underwent anthropometric and clinical evaluation. Habitual physical activity was assessed with a digital pedometer, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Laboratory measurements included total cholesterol, cholesterol fractions, triglycerides, glucose, total serum testosterone, serum insulin, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, and SHBG. Energy intake was calculated using a food frequency questionnaire. Classic PCOS patients had higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, testosterone and lipid accumulation product values than ovulatory PCOS and controls. Energy consumption, homeostasis model assessment index, SHBG, free androgen index and triglycerides, total and trunk lean mass were higher only in classic PCOS women vs. controls. Arm, leg, trunk, total or limb lean masses were not correlated with hormone levels in any of the groups. However, in PCOS women lipid accumulation product was positively correlated with total (r=0.56, p=0.001), trunk (r=0.59, p=0.001), arm (r=0.54, p=0.001), leg (r=0.44, p=0.03) and limb (r=0.48, p=0.001) lean masses. BMI was positively correlated with all lean mass segments and independently associated with total lean mass. Lipid accumulation product and BMI were independently associated with trunk lean mass variation. The increase in lean mass in classic PCOS appears to be associated with insulin resistance and central obesity rather than with energy intake, physical activity or androgens.

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supporting

confidence: 93%

“…Obesity, especially central obesity, and insulin resistance were associated with this fi nding. While a few studies have analyzed lean body mass both in lean [ 5 , 15 ] and overweight/obese PCOS women [ 17 ] , this is the fi rst study comparing lean mass in diff erent PCOS phenotypes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lean Muscle Mass in Classic or Ovulatory PCOS: Association with Central Obesity and Insulin Resistance

Mario

Amarante

Toscani

et al. 2012

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes

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“…Studies of lean body mass in PCOS women were also fraught with different results: (1) Carmina et al(2009) demonstrated that muscle mass increased in PCOS women compared to weight-matched controls (mean BMI of 27.6±5.8 kg/m²). The lean mass expressed as total lean mass divided by height was significantly higher in PCOS women with PCOS than in controls at 275 vs. 256 total g/height cm, p<0.01).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition of lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Zabulienė

Urbonienė

Tutkuvienė

2013

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrine and metabolic disorders in reproductive age women, and it is related to changes in body size, shape and composition. Anthropometric somatotype is a quantitative description of the individual's body shape and composition classified as endomorphy, mesomorphy or ectomorphy. Since PCOS somatotype has never previously been studied, here we evaluate body shape and composition phenomena in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome and assess relationships with metabolic parameters. The study of 20-35 year-old women was carried out at the Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology at Vilnius University. Standard anthropometric instruments and methods were used, and J. Matiegka's equations calculated skeletal mass, skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue and muscles and internal organs. In addition, Heath -Carter's somatotypes were computed, and the participants' glucose, insulin, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and lipid levels were established. We analysed data from 120 women with a mean age of 27.30 ± 3.68 years. Lean women with PCOS had greater skeletal mass by 0.47 kg (p<0.05, Cohen's d=1.14), greater skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue mass by 2.79 kg (p<0.05, Cohen's d=6.07) and lower muscle mass by 1.47 kg (p<0.05, Cohen's d=2.84) compared to control women (p<0.05). The mean PCOS somatotype ratio was 4.96-4.38-3.00 (SD 1.50-1.26-1.11). This classified women with PCOS as mesomorphic endomorphs, in contrast to healthy women who were endomorphic mesomorphs. The PCOS subjects' skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue and endomorphy/mesomorphy somatotype positively correlated with insulin levels and the HOMA-IR. It was established that lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome had a mesomorphic endomorph somatotype and higher skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue mass, but less muscle mass than healthy lean women. In addition, skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue positively correlated with insulin level and HOMA-IR in lean PCOS women.

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“…In keeping with experimental data, showing E 2 stimulates OPG production in human osteoblastic cells (38) our findings may reflect the anti-resorptive activity of E 2 /SHBG in bone metabolism in order to preserve bone mass. Controversy exists, nevertheless, as to whether or not increased bone mineral density is constantly found in PCOS (39,40). Furthermore, several factors such as androgen excess, insulin resistance, and increased fat mass may all intervene as potential determinants of bone mass in PCOS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating osteoprotegerin and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand in polycystic ovary syndrome: relationships to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction

Pepene¹,

Ilie²,

Marian³

et al. 2011

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: There is plenty of evidence that osteoprotegerin (OPG) is linked to subclinical vascular damage and predicts cardiovascular disease in high-risk populations. Our aim is to investigate the relationships of OPG/free soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (sRANKL) to insulin resistance, brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), and the carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, impaired glucose control, and endothelial injury. Design: A cross-sectional, observational study. Methods: Hormonal and metabolic profiles, FMD, CIMT, serum OPG, and ampli-sRANKL were assessed in 64 young PCOS patients and 20 controls of similar age. Body composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: OPG was significantly lower in PCOS and related negatively to free testosterone and positively to estradiol (E 2 ) levels. In multivariate analysis, OPG but not ampli-sRANKL correlated positively to fasting insulin, insulin sensitivity indices, and FMD. Neither OPG nor ampli-sRANKL was associated with CIMT. Significantly lower adjusted FMD values were demonstrated in women in the upper OPG quartile group (O2.65 pmol/l) compared with all other quartile groups together (PZ0.012). In PCOS, multiple regression analysis retained E 2 /sex hormone-binding globulin ratio, fat mass, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance as independent predictors of OPG. Conclusions: In PCOS, circulating OPG is related to both endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance, independent of obesity and androgen excess, suggesting OPG as a useful biomarker of these effects. Further studies are needed to evaluate OPG in relation to cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality in PCOS.

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Correlates of increased lean muscle mass in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Cited by 77 publications

References 42 publications

Lean Muscle Mass in Classic or Ovulatory PCOS: Association with Central Obesity and Insulin Resistance

Lean Muscle Mass in Classic or Ovulatory PCOS: Association with Central Obesity and Insulin Resistance

Body composition of lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Circulating osteoprotegerin and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand in polycystic ovary syndrome: relationships to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction

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