Correlates of same-sex sexual behavior in a random sample of Massachusetts high school students.

Faulkner, Anne H.; Cranston, Kevin

doi:10.2105/ajph.88.2.262

Cited by 307 publications

(259 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…When stratified by gender, sexual orientation was an independent predictor of suicide attempts among boys but not girls. Other probability surveys support the conclusion that LGB youth are at increased risk for suicide attempts (Bagley & Tremblay, 1997;Faulkner & Cranston, 1998;Remafedi, French, Story, Resnick, & Blum, 1998;Safren & Heimberg, 1999). A cohort study in New Zealand found that LGB youth were five to six times more likely than heterosexual youth to report suicide ideation and attempts over their lifetime (Fergusson et al, 1999).…”

Section: Suicidementioning

confidence: 96%

Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence.

Meyer¹

2013

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

1,557

115

2,453

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In this article the author reviews research evidence on the prevalence of mental disorders in lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (LGBs) and shows, using meta-analyses, that LGBs have a higher prevalence of mental disorders than heterosexuals. The author offers a conceptual framework for understanding this excess in prevalence of disorder in terms of minority stress-explaining that stigma, prejudice, and discrimination create a hostile and stressful social environment that causes mental health problems. The model describes stress processes, including the experience of prejudice events, expectations of rejection, hiding and concealing, internalized homophobia, and ameliorative coping processes. This conceptual framework is the basis for the review of research evidence, suggestions for future research directions, and exploration of public policy implications.The study of mental health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) populations has been complicated by the debate on the classification of homosexuality as a mental disorder during the 1960s and early 1970s. That debate posited a gay-affirmative perspective, which sought to declassify homosexuality, against a conservative perspective, which sought to retain the classification of homosexuality as a mental disorder (Bayer, 1981). Although the debate on classification ended in 1973 with the removal of homosexuality from the second edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM;American Psychiatric Association, 1973), its heritage has lasted. This heritage has tainted discussion on mental health of lesbians and gay men by associating-even equating-claims that LGB people have higher prevalences of mental disorders than heterosexual people with the historical antigay stance and the stigmatization of LGB persons (Bailey, 1999).However, a fresh look at the issues should make it clear that whether LGB populations have higher prevalences of mental disorders is unrelated to the classification of homosexuality as a mental disorder. A retrospective analysis would suggest that the attempt to find a scientific answer in that debate rested on flawed logic. The debated scientific question was, Is homosexuality a mental disorder? The operationalized research question that pervaded the debate was, Do homosexuals have high prevalences of mental disorders? But the research did not accurately operationalize the scientific question. The question of whether homosexuality should be considered a mental disorder is a question about classification. It can be answered by debating which behaviors, cognitions, or emotions should be considered indicators of a mental disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). To use postmodernist understanding of scientific knowledge, such a debate on classification concerns the social construction of mental disorder-what we as a society and as scientists agree are abnormal behaviors, cognitions, and emotions. The answer, therefore, depends on scientific and social consensus that evolves and is subject to the vicissitudes ...

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Section: Suicidementioning

confidence: 96%

Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence.

Meyer¹

2013

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

1,557

115

2,453

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show abstract

“…Based both on significant bivariate differences within the sample and a robust literature that documents gender and sexual orientation differences in violence victimization (Faulkner & Cranston, 1998;FBI, n.d.;Herek, 2009;Russell, Franz, & Driscoll, 2001) and discrimination (Hatzenbuehler et al, 2010;Mays & Cochran, 2001), a series of stratified multivariate models were conducted based on sexual orientation and gender by sexual orientation. Moreover, stratified models allowed to better answer the driving research question of examining the heterogeneity within sexual orientation groups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Discrimination and Violence With Smoking Among Emerging Adults: Differences by Gender and Sexual Orientation

Blosnich

Horn

2011

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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“…Lesbians and gay men commonly report positive histories of victimization and discrimination (Herek, Gillis, & Cogan, 1999;Hershberger & D'Augelli, 1995;Krieger & Sidney, 1997), particularly in adolescence or young adulthood (D'Augelli, Hershberger, & Pilkington, 1998;Lock & Steiner, 1999). As a consequence, homosexuality may be a risk indicator for higher rates of psychological distress and some mental disorders.Much of the recent population-based research in this area (Bloomfield, 1993;Cochran, Keenan, Schober, & Mays, 2000;Cochran & Mays, 2000a, 2000bFaulkner & Cranston, 1998;Fergusson, Horwood, & Beautrais, 1999;Garofalo, Wolf, Wissow, Woods, & Goodman, 1999;Gilman et al, 2001;Herrell et al, 1999;Lock & Steiner, 1999;Remafedi, French, Story, Resnick, & Blum, 1998;Saewyc, Bearinger, Heinz, Blum, & Resnick, 1998;Sandfort, de Graaf, Bijl, & Schnabel, 2001;Stall & Wiley, 1988) was made possible by the serendipitous inclusion of questions concerning genders of sexual partners in large healthrelated studies of the general population. This attention to the occurrence of homosexual sexual behavior arose out of public health surveillance needs to track risk factors for HIV transmission in the general population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of mental disorders, psychological distress, and mental health services use among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States.

Cochran¹,

Sullivan²,

Mays³

2003

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

1,152

822

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Recent estimates of mental health morbidity among adults reporting same-gender sexual partners suggest that lesbians, gay men, and bisexual individuals may experience excess risk for some mental disorders as compared with heterosexual individuals. However, sexual orientation has not been measured directly. Using data from a nationally representative survey of 2,917 midlife adults, the authors examined possible sexual orientation-related differences in morbidity, distress, and mental health services use. Results indicate that gay-bisexual men evidenced higher prevalence of depression, panic attacks, and psychological distress than heterosexual men. Lesbian-bisexual women showed greater prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder than heterosexual women. Services use was more frequent among those of minority sexual orientation. Findings support the existence of sexual orientation differences in patterns of morbidity and treatment use.Perspectives on the prevalence of mental health disorders and the need for treatment services among lesbians and gay men have undergone remarkable changes over the last century (Bailey, 1999;Friedman, 1999). Although researchers long ago documented that "illness" models (Gonsiorek, 1996) of homosexuality lacked sufficient empirical support for theoretical predictions (Hooker, 1993), there is increasing concern that lesbians and gay men may be at elevated risk for some psychological disorders because of the harmful effects of social stigma (Fife & Wright, 2000;Kessler, Mickelson, & Williams, 1999;Markowitz, 1998;Meyer, 1995;Otis & Skinner, 1996;Wright, Gronfein, & Owens, 2000). Researchers have shown that some forms of mental disorders, particularly affective, anxiety, and substance use disorders, are likely to be influenced by the effects of social stress (Dohrenwend, 2000;Kendler et al., 1995;Mazure, 1995). In this regard, homosexuality is still widely stigmatized despite greater acceptance evident in recent opinion polls of the American population (Butler, 2001). Lesbians and gay men commonly report positive histories of victimization and discrimination (Herek, Gillis, & Cogan, 1999;Hershberger & D'Augelli, 1995;Krieger & Sidney, 1997), particularly in adolescence or young adulthood (D'Augelli, Hershberger, & Pilkington, 1998;Lock & Steiner, 1999). As a consequence, homosexuality may be a risk indicator for higher rates of psychological distress and some mental disorders.Much of the recent population-based research in this area (Bloomfield, 1993;Cochran, Keenan, Schober, & Mays, 2000;Cochran & Mays, 2000a, 2000bFaulkner & Cranston, 1998;Fergusson, Horwood, & Beautrais, 1999;Garofalo, Wolf, Wissow, Woods, & Goodman, 1999;Gilman et al., 2001;Herrell et al., 1999;Lock & Steiner, 1999;Remafedi, French, Story, Resnick, & Blum, 1998;Saewyc, Bearinger, Heinz, Blum, & Resnick, 1998;Sandfort, de Graaf, Bijl, & Schnabel, 2001;Stall & Wiley, 1988) was made possible by the serendipitous inclusion of questions concerning genders of sexual partners in large healthrelated studies of the gen...

show abstract

Correlates of same-sex sexual behavior in a random sample of Massachusetts high school students.

Cited by 307 publications

References 8 publications

Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence.

Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence.

Associations of Discrimination and Violence With Smoking Among Emerging Adults: Differences by Gender and Sexual Orientation

Prevalence of mental disorders, psychological distress, and mental health services use among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States.

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