Correlates of stunting among children in Ghana

Darteh, Eugene Kofuor Maafo; Acquah, Evelyn; Kumi-Kyereme, Akwasi

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-504

Cited by 110 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…On the other hand, females are culturally expected to be less active and stay at home with their mothers near food preparation. This finding is consistent with results from other cross-sectional studies carried out in Iran [16], Kenya [17], Indonesia [18], Tanzania [19] and Ghana [20]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Stunting and severe stunting among children under-5 years in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis

et al. 2017

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BackgroundStunting has been identified as one of the major proximal risk factors for poor physical and mental development of children under-5 years. Stunting predominantly occurs in the first 1000 days of life (0–23 months) and continues to the age of five. This study examines factors associated with stunting and severe stunting among children under-5 years in Nigeria.MethodsThe sample included 24,529 children aged 0–59 months from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Height-for-age z-scores (HFAz), generated using the 2006 World Health Organisation (WHO) growth reference, were used to define stunting (HFAz < −2SD) and severe stunting (HFAz < −3SD). Multilevel logistic regression analyses that adjusted for cluster and survey weights were used to determine potential risk factors associated with stunting and severe stunting among children under-5 years in Nigeria.ResultsThe prevalence of stunting and severe stunting were 29% [95% Confidence interval (Cl): 27.4, 30.8] and 16.4% [95%Cl: 15.1, 17.8], respectively for children aged 0–23 months, and 36.7% [95%Cl: 35.1, 38.3] and 21% [95%Cl: 19.7, 22.4], respectively for children aged 0–59 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that the most consistent significant risk factors for stunting and severe stunting among children aged 0–23 months and 0–59 months are: sex of child (male), mother’s perceived birth size (small and average), household wealth index (poor and poorest households), duration of breastfeeding (more than 12 months), geopolitical zone (North East, North West, North Central) and children who were reported to having had diarrhoea in the 2 weeks prior to the survey [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for stunted children 0–23 months = 1.22 (95%Cl: 0.99, 1.49)];[AOR for stunted children 0–59 months = 1.31 (95%Cl: 1.16, 1.49)], [AOR for severely stunted children 0–23 months = 1.31 (95%Cl: 1.03, 1.67)]; [AOR for severely stunted children 0–59 months = 1.58 (95%Cl: 1.38, 1.82)].ConclusionsIn order to meet the post-2015 sustainable development goals, policy interventions to reduce stunting in Nigeria should focus on poverty alleviation as well as improving women’s nutrition, child feeding practices and household sanitation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Stunting and severe stunting among children under-5 years in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis

et al. 2017

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“…Also male children were revealed to be 2% more probable to suffer from fever relative to female children. This is similar to the results of Darteh et al (2014) who found stunting to be more among males than females. The explanation under diarrhoea still applies here.…”

Section: Regression Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Also on average, Muslim children and male children were 7% and 4% more probable to have diarrhoea relative to those from Spiritualist/Traditional/No religion faiths and female children respectively. The findings of male children is in line with that of Darteh et al (2014) who revealed stunting to be higher among males than females in Ghana. This can be due to the perception of people that male children are naturally stronger relative to female children and hence may not be given much care which might make them more susceptible to diseases.…”

Section: Regression Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Socio-economic factors and child health status in Ghana

Immurana

Urmi

2017

IJH

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Ghana's under-five mortality rate far exceeds the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.2 Target of 25 deaths per thousand live births by 2030. Therefore to improve upon the situation, it is imperative that the factors which determine the health status of children are investigated. This study therefore used data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey to investigate the socio-economic determinants of child health status in Ghana by employing the binary probit model. The study revealed that, Ewe, Grusi, Muslim and Christian children, children from urban areas, Greater Accra, Northern, Ashanti, Upper east, Eastern and Central regions, were more probable to contract cough. Also children with uneducated mothers, those whose mothers had uneducated partners as well as those whose mothers had no health insurance were revealed to be more likely to be anaemic. Further, male children and children from non-wealthy households were revealed to be more likely to have suffered diarrhoea, fever and anaemia. Also children with employed mothers and those with mothers with big distance challenges to seek care were found to be more likely to have fever. These findings, point out the essence of socio-economic factors to child health outcomes and hence the need to be given attention in child health survival interventions in Ghana.

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“…Male children were also more likely to be stunted compared to female children. This relationship has been reported in the literature from developing countries including Ghana [14,26], Tanzania [27], Ethiopia [24], Cambodia [3] and India [28]. In spite of this widespread identification of the male susceptibility to stunting, the exact factors underlying it have yet to be well understood [14] but likely to be biological [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The effect of maternal and child factors on stunting, wasting and underweight among preschool children in Northern Ghana

et al. 2017

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Background: Undernutrition among preschool children in Northern region is the highest in Ghana. However, there is scarcity of data on the factors that determine undernutrition in these children. This study investigated the effect of maternal and child factors on undernutrition among preschool children in Northern Ghana. Methods: This study was a community based analytical cross-sectional survey on a sample of 425 mother-child pairs drawn from 25 clusters. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on maternal and child socio-demographic characteristics, feeding practices and anthropometry. Anthropometric indices of Height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ), Weight-for-height Z-scores (WHZ) and Weight-for -age Z-scores (WAZ) were used to classify child stunting, wasting and underweight respectively. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine associations between explanatory variables and undernutrition. Results: The prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were 28.2, 9.9 and 19.3% respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that, the odds of stunting was higher among male children [AOR = 1. Conclusion: Maternal height associated negatively with stunting but not wasting. Factors that affect low height -forage z-score (HAZ) may not necessarily be the same as stunting. Infant and child feeding practices as measured by dietary diversity score associated positively with weight-for-height Z-scores than length-for-age Z-scores of young children. Surprisingly, consumption of some specific food groups including, animal source foods, legumes, staples and eggs were associated with lower HAZ but with increased likelihood of higher WHZ among children 6-59 months.

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Correlates of stunting among children in Ghana

Cited by 110 publications

References 10 publications

Stunting and severe stunting among children under-5 years in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis

Stunting and severe stunting among children under-5 years in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis

Socio-economic factors and child health status in Ghana

The effect of maternal and child factors on stunting, wasting and underweight among preschool children in Northern Ghana

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