Correlates of support for censorship of sexual, sexually violent, and violent media

Fisher, Randy; Cook, Ida; Shirkey, Edwin C.

doi:10.1080/00224499409551756

Cited by 40 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, individual characteristics and attitudes, such as a predisposition to sexual aggressiveness, may moderate this relationship among men in the U.S. (Malamuth, Hald, and Koss 2012). Given that concern about pornography's social consequences is a major predictor of opposition to pornography (Fisher et al 1994), the decline in opposition to pornography may additionally reflect decreasing worry over its effects as pornography gains social acceptability in a climate of pornographication. This study is limited by the question on opposition to pornography through legal censorship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women are more likely than men to attribute rape to pornography consumption, whereas U.S. men who have more personal experience with pornography are less likely to attribute rape to pornography (Sharp and Joslyn 2001). Concern that the consumption of pornography contributes to violent, misogynistic, or destructive behavior is a strong predictor of support for pornography censorship, especially among U.S. women (Cowan 1992;Fisher et al 1994).…”

Section: Attitudinal Correlates Of Pornography Oppositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, studies in the 1980s and 1990s found a substantial portion of U.S. adults supported outright bans on pornography, especially among those who are older, female, more religious and churchgoing, politically or sexually conservative, married, less educated, and concerned about pornography's effects on viewers (Buzzell 2005;Davis 1992;Fisher et al 1994;Patterson and Price 2012;Sherkat and Ellison 1997;Stack et al 2004;Woodrum 1992). We bring this literature up to date, isolating attitudes toward pornography from more general political, religious, and free speech attitudes, and focusing on the gender gap in opposition to pornography.…”

Section: Pornography and Public Opinionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, many people are concerned that pornography culture has resulted in the hypersexualization of women and girls (American Psychological Association 2007;Dines 2010;Douglas 2010;Levy 2005;Tyler 2011). In fact, concern about its effects strongly predicts individual opposition to pornography (Cowan 1992;Fisher, Cook, and Shirkey 1994). The growing accessibility of pornography, its increasingly degrading nature, and its incorporation into mainstream culture fit within the broad concept of "pornographication" (Attwood 2006;McNair 2013;Smith 2010;Tyler 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Widening Gender Gap in Opposition to Pornography, 1975–2012

Lykke

Cohen

2015

Social Currents

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In the last several decades pornography in the U.S. has become more mainstream, more accessible, more phallocentric and more degrading to women. Further, consumption of pornography remains a major difference in the sexual experiences of men and women. Yet research has not addressed how opposition to pornography has changed over the this period, despite shifts in the accessibility and visibility of pornography as well as new cultural and legal issues presented by the advent of Internet pornography. We examine gender differences in opposition to pornography from 1975 to 2012, measured by support for legal censorship of pornography in the General Social Survey. Results show that both men's and women's opposition to pornography have decreased significantly over the past 40 years, suggesting a cultural shift toward "pornographication" affecting attitudes. However, women remain more opposed to pornography than men, and men's opposition has declined faster, so the gender gap in opposition to pornography has widened, indicating further divergence of men's and women's sexual attitudes over time. This is consistent with the increasingly normative nature of pornography consumption for men, increases over time in men's actual consumption of pornography, and its increasingly degrading depiction of women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Attitudinal Correlates Of Pornography Oppositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pornography and Public Opinionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Widening Gender Gap in Opposition to Pornography, 1975–2012

Lykke

Cohen

2015

Social Currents

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“…The contextual framework in which sexual activity is presented is principally conservative: Over two-thirds of the acts are between partners that have an established relationship (Farrar et al 2003). The presentation of sexual content in the form of "socially approved fun" may win the heart of corporate stockholders (who sponsor the programs), and of conservative viewers (and let us not forget that a major bulk of network viewers are people who hold a strong religious faith and oppose the public presentation of sexuality -see Fisher et al 1994). Adherence to gender role stereotypes (e.g.…”

Section: Sexual Content In American Tv Programming and Advertisingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sexual Content on Mainstream TV Advertising: A Cross-cultural Comparison

Hetsroni

2007

Sex Roles

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A content analysis of 1,785 American ads and 1,467 Israeli ads maps the representation of sexual content on mainstream TV advertising in the two countries. This content appears in less than 5% of the advertisements. Most of it is mild and portrayed in the conservative context of an established relationship. Explicit material, socially discouraged practices, references to sexual responsibility and complete nudity are extremely rare. Israeli advertisements tend to present a higher share of sexual content than American ads, and male models are more likely to be partially nude than female models-but these differences are minor in extent.

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Do American States with More Religious or Conservative Populations Search More for Sexual Content on Google?

MacInnis

Hodson

2014

Arch Sex Behav

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In America, religiosity and conservatism are generally associated with opposition to non-traditional sexual behavior, but prominent political scandals and recent research suggest a paradoxical private attraction to sexual content on the political and religious right. We examined associations between state-level religiosity/conservatism and anonymized interest in searching for sexual content online using Google Trends (which calculates within-state search volumes for search terms). Across two separate years, and controlling for demographic variables, we observed moderate-to-large positive associations between: (1) greater proportions of state-level religiosity and general web searching for sexual content and (2) greater proportions of state-level conservatism and image-specific searching for sex. These findings were interpreted in terms of the paradoxical hypothesis that a greater preponderance of right-leaning ideologies is associated with greater preoccupation with sexual content in private internet activity. Alternative explanations (e.g., that opposition to non-traditional sex in right-leaning states leads liberals to rely on private internet sexual activity) are discussed, as are limitations to inference posed by aggregate data more generally.

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Correlates of support for censorship of sexual, sexually violent, and violent media

Cited by 40 publications

References 25 publications

The Widening Gender Gap in Opposition to Pornography, 1975–2012

The Widening Gender Gap in Opposition to Pornography, 1975–2012

Sexual Content on Mainstream TV Advertising: A Cross-cultural Comparison

Do American States with More Religious or Conservative Populations Search More for Sexual Content on Google?

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