Correlates of Toenail Zinc in a Free-Living U.S. Population

Gonzalez, Alejandro; Peters, Ulrike; Lampe, Johanna W.; Satia, Jessie A.; White, Emily

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.07.100

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Concentrations of heavy metal in toenail have been shown to have wide variations in previous studies, as summarized in Table 1 (1,4,6,7,9,12,20,22,21,23,24). High As concentrations in toenail of 21,700 μg/g, 8190 μg/g, and 5406 μg/g have been reported in the studies conducted by Adair et al (9), Hinwood et al (20) and Button et al (21), respectively.…”

Section: Toenail As a Biomarker For Long-term Exposurementioning

confidence: 73%

“…The main Brought to you by | Bibliotheque de l'Universite Laval Authenticated Download Date | 7/1/15 11:50 AM Table 2 Detection limits of heavy metal in toenail analysis using different techniques. 100 --confounders include demographic data (age, gender, and body mass index or BMI), dietary habits (ingestion of food, intake of medicine and supplement), lifestyle (e.g., smoking habits) and health conditions (1,2,4,6,7,12,14,15,18,20,22,24,30 (20), and Coelho et al (24). This is might be due to similar nail growth rates for men and women (4).…”

Section: Confoundersmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…(25) that allow heavy metal accumulation in the nail and hair tissues (8,17,27). Concentrations of other heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni, and Al have also been detected in toenail samples (1,(22)(23)(24). These studies have shown that determining the amount of heavy metal in toenail is suitable in reflecting chronic heavy metal exposure via drinking water even at low levels of concentration, as reported by Slotnick et al (12) who observed significant strong correlation between As in toenail (0.18 μg/g) and in drinking water (3.67 μg/L) (r = 0.51, p < 0.0001).…”

Section: Toenail As a Biomarker For Long-term Exposurementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Heavy metals like zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are required in certain amounts for growth, cell division, and enzymatic activities (1,2). Low levels of heavy metal exposure throughout a long period of time may result in accumulation that can ultimately affect human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adair et al (9) stated that toenail can be a useful biomarker in exposure assessment studies because they are less exposed to water than fingernails and hair. Toenail has been used as a biomarker in clinical, forensic, epidemiologic, and environmental studies (1,2,4,10,11). Toenail has several advantages over blood and urine like non-invasive sampling as well as easy storage and transportation at room temperature (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toenail as a biomarker of heavy metal exposure via drinking water: a systematic review

Razak

Praveena

Hashim

2014

Reviews on Environmental Health

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AbstractToenail is metabolic end product of the skin, which can provide information about heavy metal accumulation in human cells. Slow growth rates of toenail can represent heavy metal exposure from 2 to 12 months before the clipping. The toenail is a non-invasive biomarker that is easy to collect and store and is stable over time. In this systematic review, the suitability of toenail as a long-term biomarker was reviewed, along with the analysis and validation of toenail and confounders to heavy metal. This systematic review has included 30 articles chosen from a total of 132 articles searched from online electronic databases like Pubmed, Proquest, Science Direct, and SCOPUS. Keywords used in the search included “toenail”, “biomarker”, “heavy metal”, and “drinking water”. Heavy metal in toenail can be accurately analyzed using an ICP-MS instrument. The validation of toenail heavy metal concentration data is very crucial; however, the Certified Reference Material (CRM) for toenail is still unavailable. Usually, CRM for hair is used in toenail studies. Confounders that have major effects on heavy metal accumulation in toenail are dietary intake of food and supplement, smoking habit, and overall health condition. This review has identified the advantages and limitations of using toenail as a biomarker for long-term exposure, which can help future researchers design a study on heavy metal exposure using toenail.

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Section: Toenail As a Biomarker For Long-term Exposurementioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Confoundersmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Toenail As a Biomarker For Long-term Exposurementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toenail as a biomarker of heavy metal exposure via drinking water: a systematic review

Razak

Praveena

Hashim

2014

Reviews on Environmental Health

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Case–control study of nutritional and environmental factors and the risk of oral clefts in Thailand

McKinney

Pisek

Chowchuen

et al. 2016

Birth Defects Research

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Toenail trace element status and risk of Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma: Results from the FINBAR study

O’Rorke

Cantwell

Abnet

et al. 2012

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Trace elements have been cited as both inhibitory and causative agents of cancer but importantly exposure to them is potentially modifiable. This study aimed to examine toenail trace element status and risk of Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). Toenail clippings from each hallux were obtained from 638 participants of the FINBAR study (Factors Influencing the Barrett’s Adenocarcinoma Relationship) comprising 221 healthy controls, 98 reflux oesophagitis, 182 BO and 137 OAC cases. The concentrations of eight toenail trace elements were determined using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. Using multivariable adjusted logistic regression analysis, odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs were calculated within tertiles of trace element concentrations. A two-fold increased risk of BO was observed, but not OAC, amongst individuals in the highest tertile of toenail zinc status OR 2.21 (95% CI 1.11–4.40). A higher toenail selenium status was not associated with risk of OAC OR 0.94 (95% CI 0.44–2.04) or BO OR 0.89 (95% CI 0.37–2.12). A borderline significant increased risk of BO was detected with a higher toenail cobalt concentration, OR 1.97 (95% CI 1.01–3.85). No association was found between toenail levels of chromium, cerium, mercury and OAC or BO risk. This is the first case-control study to investigate a variety of trace elements in relation to OAC and BO risk. Despite antioxidant and proapoptotic properties, no associations were found with selenium. Higher concentrations of toenail zinc and cobalt were associated with an increased BO risk, but not OAC. These findings need confirmation in prospective analysis.

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Correlates of Toenail Zinc in a Free-Living U.S. Population

Abstract: Toenail zinc concentrations vary with dietary zinc intake, even in a healthy population with presumably little zinc deficiency.

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Toenail as a biomarker of heavy metal exposure via drinking water: a systematic review

Toenail as a biomarker of heavy metal exposure via drinking water: a systematic review

Case–control study of nutritional and environmental factors and the risk of oral clefts in Thailand

Toenail trace element status and risk of Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma: Results from the FINBAR study

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