Correlates of War Project: International and Civil War Data, 1816-1992

Singer, J. David; Small, Melvin

doi:10.3886/icpsr09905

Cited by 92 publications

(87 citation statements)

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“…This latter category includes conflicts that meet the definition of a civil war (e.g. Singer & Small, 1994; and discussed below). Strand's (2006) onset dataset includes 177 independent states, and 7889 country-years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our dummy variable for civil wars contains 57 countries that saw one or more civil wars, and 120 that experienced none. Fearon & Laitin (2003) created an onset dataset based on the Correlates of War (COW) intra-state war dataset (Singer & Small, 1994). Conflicts included in the COW dataset meet the following criteria: (1) fighting between agents of a state and organized, non-state groups who sought to take control of the government, a region, or to change government policies;…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does infectious disease cause global variation in the frequency of intrastate armed conflict and civil war?

2010

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Geographic and cross-national variation in the frequency of intrastate armed conflict and civil war is a subject of great interest. Previous theory on this variation has focused on the influence on human behaviour of climate, resource competition, national wealth, and cultural characteristics. We present the parasite-stress model of intrastate conflict, which unites previous work on the correlates of intrastate conflict by linking frequency of the outbreak of such conflict, including civil war, to the intensity of infectious disease across countries of the world. High intensity of infectious disease leads to the emergence of xenophobic and ethnocentric cultural norms. These cultures suffer greater poverty and deprivation due to the morbidity and mortality caused by disease, and as a result of decreased investment in public health and welfare. Resource competition among xenophobic and ethnocentric groups within a nation leads to increased frequency of civil war. We present support for the parasite-stress model with regression analyses. We find support for a direct effect of infectious disease on intrastate armed conflict, and support for an indirect effect of infectious disease on the incidence of civil war via its negative effect on national wealth. We consider the entanglements of feedback of conflict into further reduced wealth and increased incidence of disease, and discuss implications for international warfare and global patterns of wealth and imperialism.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does infectious disease cause global variation in the frequency of intrastate armed conflict and civil war?

2010

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“…As in the research on human rights and political violence, we include a variable for internal domestic conflict, which is specified as an independent variable alongside the other variables in our model. We do not use the simple dummy variable for civil war from the Correlates of War project (Singer and Small 1994) as in much of extant work on human rights, nor do we use events-based measures of the kind coded from single and multiple news sources found in the literature on political violence. The civil war dummy is still a fairly crude variable that tends to absorb quite a lot of the explanatory space in most human rights literature (see Poe and Tate 1994) and the events-based measures have proved to be fairly insecure for the kind of cross-national and time-series comparisons conducted here on grounds of validity and reliability.…”

Section: Domestic Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequality and Human Rights: Who Controls What, When, and How

Landman

Larizza

2009

International Studies Quarterly

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This article tests the empirical relationship between inequality and the protection of personal integrity rights using a cross-national time-series data set for 162 countries for the years 1980-2004. The data comprise measures of land inequality, income inequality, and a combined factor score for personal integrity rights protection, while the analysis controls for additional sets of explanatory variables related to development, political regimes, ethnic composition, and domestic conflict. The analysis shows robust support for the empirical relationship between income inequality and personal integrity rights abuse across the whole sample of countries as well as for distinct subsets, including non-communist countries and non-OECD countries. The hypothesized effect of land inequality is also born out by the data, although its effects are less substantial and less robust across different methods of estimation. Additional variables with explanatory weight include the level of income, democracy, ethnic fragmentation, domestic conflict, and population size. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the results are not due to reverse causation, misspecification or omitted variable bias. The analysis is discussed in the context of inequality and rights abuse in specific country cases and the policy implications of the results are considered in the conclusion.

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“…Beyond its harmful economic effects, civil war has a destructive impact on many social indicators. Civil wars have caused over 16.2 million deaths from 1945 through 1999, with the majority of deaths of civilians, and have lasted over 6 years on average (Singer and Small 1994;Cairns 1997;Azam and Hoeffler 2002;Fearon and Laitin 2003). More nuanced findings have indicated that civil wars increase adult mortality, infant mortality, and reduce years of healthy life due to long-term disability (Guha-Sapir and Van Panhuis 2002;Ghobarah et al 2003;Hoeffler and Reynal-Querol 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

ABC's, 123's, and the Golden Rule: The Pacifying Effect of Education on Civil War, 1980?1999

2006

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This study examines two ways by which education might affect the probability of civil war onset. First, educational investment provides a strong signal to the people that the government is attempting to improve their lives, which is apt to lower grievances, even in desperate times. Second, education can generate economic, political, and social stability by giving people tools with which they can resolve disputes peacefully, making them less likely to incur the risks involved in joining a rebellion. This theory is tested by examining the effect of educational expenditures, enrollment levels, and literacy rates on the probability of civil war onset from 1980 through 1999. The results provide evidence for both the grievance and stability arguments, providing strong support for the pacifying effects of education on civil war.

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Correlates of War Project: International and Civil War Data, 1816-1992

Cited by 92 publications

References 0 publications

Does infectious disease cause global variation in the frequency of intrastate armed conflict and civil war?

Does infectious disease cause global variation in the frequency of intrastate armed conflict and civil war?

Inequality and Human Rights: Who Controls What, When, and How

ABC's, 123's, and the Golden Rule: The Pacifying Effect of Education on Civil War, 1980?1999

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