Correlating pathological symptoms in Heliothis virescens eggs with development of the parasitoid Telenomus heliothidis

Strand, Michael R.; Meola, Shirlee M.; Vinson, S. Bradleigh

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(86)90052-1

Cited by 81 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Tissues were dehydrated in graded ethanol solutions, transferred to 100K acetone and embedded in Epon. Tissues were sectioned on a Sorvall MT-2B ultramicrotome and sections were stained in uranyl acetate and lead citrate before examination by transmission electron microscopy (Strand et al, 1986). To observe MdPDV after sucrose gradient purification, particles were examined by scanning electron microscopy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and expression of Microplitis demolitor polydnavirus in Pseudoplusia includens

Strand¹,

McKenzie

Grassl³

et al. 1992

Journal of General Virology

124

105

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and expression of Microplitis demolitor polydnavirus in Pseudoplusia includens

Strand¹,

McKenzie

Grassl³

et al. 1992

Journal of General Virology

124

105

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“…For electron microscopy, 1 × 105 haemocytes were collected from unparasitized P. includens larvae and incubated at 25 °C in microfuge tubes containing Ex-cell 400 medium (JRH Scientific) and 0.5 wasp equivalents of calyx fluid plus venom. Samples were then processed at serial time points after infection as described by Strand et al (1986) and examined in a Phillips 410 electron microscope.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplitis Demolitor Polydnavirus Infects and Expresses in Specific Morphotypes of Pseudoplusia Includens Haemocytes

Strand

1994

Journal of General Virology

101

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Micropfitis demolitor is a polydnavirus-carrying wasp that parasitizes the larval stage of Pseudoplusia includens. M. demolitor eggs are never encapsulated by host haemocytes when coinfected with its associated polydnavirus (MdPDV) whereas eggs are encapsulated within 36 h when injected into hosts without virus. In this study, infection of specific classes of P. includens haemocytes by MdPDV was examined. Electron microscopic studies indicated that MdPDV entered all haemocyte morphotypes. Northern blot analysis revealed that similar size classes of viral mRNAs were produced in granular cells, plasmatocytes and spherule cells. Expression of a 1.6kb MdPDV mRNA in haemocytes from parasitized hosts was detectable by in situ hybridization at 2 h post-parasitism (p.p.) and continued through until day 6 p.p. By 12 h p.p., viral expression was detected in greater than 80% of the haemocytes in circulation but thereafter the percentage ofhaemocytes exhibiting a hybridization signal declined. Similar patterns were observed in haemocytes from larvae injected with calyx fluid or MdPDV plus venom. Granular cells and plasmatocytes from unparasitized larvae were purified on Percoll cushions and maintained in vitro. Both morphotypes were successfully infected with MdPDV and exhibited changes in morphology and adhesiveness very similar to cells from parasitized hosts.

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“…There are two basic sources of these factors. The first group is the parental derived factors that include the poison gland [9-111, calyx region of the lateral oviducts [12,13], the epithelium of the common oviduct [14], or the follicular epithelium [15,161. The second group is the progeny derived factors that include teratocytes and larvae that hatch from the egg [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of possible host regulatory factors in Cardiochiles nigriceps (hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Vinson

Mourad²,

Sebesta

1994

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Both larvae and teratocytes liberated upon hatching from the eggs of the endoparasitoid Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck were found to release proteins into their surrounding environment as they develop. Teratocytes were found to synthesize and release a number of proteins into culture media in which they were incubated. The proteins released differed among the different teratocyte ages. Larvae were also found to release proteins into the culture media in which they were incubated. Ligation of the head or anal vesicle altered the protein pattern found in the media. The results demonstrate that both larvae and the associated teratocytes release proteins that may have important functions in the parasitoidhost interaction. 0 1994 ~i~e y -~i s s , Inc.Key words: parasitoid, protein secretions, teratocytes, parasitoid larvae INTRODUCTIONInsects, following parasitism by parasitoid Hymenoptera, are either paralyzed or, if they grow and develop, the growth and developmental patterns are often altered. These pathologies, as discussed by Doutt [ 11, are not solely due to the physiological response of the host to the invader, but as discussed by Vinson and Iwantsch [2], are often due to factors released by the parasitoid that alter the physiology of the host in specific ways. Thus, the suitability of an insect to serve as a host for a particular parasitoid depends on constraints that the host represents [3] and the ability of the parasitoid to alter the physiological environment that the host represents. In some situations, and for some host processes, the developing parasitoid must conform to the physiological conditions of the host [4]. In other cases or for other processes in the same host, the parasitoid has evolved mechanisms that alter the host's immediate physiological environment [5-81. Acknowledgments: Approved as TA 30750 by the Director of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. Appreciation is extended to Zac Shawhan for insect colony maintenance.Received February 4, 1993; accepted April 6, 1993. 0 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 198Vinson et al.Alteration of the physiological environment within which the parasitoid must develop involves both the injection and release of factors into the host [31. There are two basic sources of these factors. The first group is the parental derived factors that include the poison gland [9-111, calyx region of the lateral oviducts [12,13], the epithelium of the common oviduct [14], or the follicular epithelium [15,161. The second group is the progeny derived factors that include teratocytes and larvae that hatch from the egg [3]. Teratocytes are cells of the embryonic membrane of the parasitoid egg that are released upon hatching into the hemocoel of the host. The developing larvae are also a possible source of host regulatory factors.The larvae of Pimpla turionellae L. and ltoplectis conquisitor Say discharge secretions from their anus [24-271. These secretions have been reported to alter DOPA metabolism, and to have antibacterial and antifungal properties [24,27].Here we examin...

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Correlating pathological symptoms in Heliothis virescens eggs with development of the parasitoid Telenomus heliothidis

Cited by 81 publications

References 22 publications

Persistence and expression of Microplitis demolitor polydnavirus in Pseudoplusia includens

Persistence and expression of Microplitis demolitor polydnavirus in Pseudoplusia includens

Microplitis Demolitor Polydnavirus Infects and Expresses in Specific Morphotypes of Pseudoplusia Includens Haemocytes

Sources of possible host regulatory factors in Cardiochiles nigriceps (hymenoptera: Braconidae)

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