Correlating polymer structure, dynamics, and function with atomic force microscopy

Murphy, Julia G.; Raybin, Jonathan G.; Sibener, S. J.

doi:10.1002/pol.20210321

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 161 publications

(329 reference statements)

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“…This outcome indicates that under the action of the tensile force field generated by the head with an expansion angle of 30 , the molecular chains of PPESK and PES undergo orientation, modifying the morphology of the two phases. 39,40 This result is consistent with those of polarization FTIR tests, confirming the orientation enhancement of high-viscosity amorphous polymers by the proposed head with an expanded extrusion structure.…”

Section: Microscopic Investigation Of Ppesk/pes Pipessupporting

confidence: 88%

Annular expansion for enhanced orientation and mechanical properties of extruded amorphous PPESK/PES pipes

Pan,

Zhao

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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With the discovery of deeper oil fields, conventional metal pumping pipes have been proven to be ineffective in meeting the requirements for deep well oil production due to their high weights and limited corrosion resistance. Therefore, in this study, a composite of Poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) and polyethersulfone (PES) was used to fabricate nonmetal pipes. To enhance the mechanical properties of the PPESK/PES pipes, a self‐designed annular expansion pipe extruder head was used. The circumferential burst stress and axial tensile strength of the PPESK/PES pipes subjected to 30° expansion were 73.0% and 48.9% higher than those of the unexpanded sample, respectively. When annular expansion was integrated into the extrusion of PPESK/PES/carbon fiber pipes, the axial tensile strength and circumferential burst stress were 45.9% and 88.8% higher than those of the unexpanded sample, respectively. Results of polarized infrared testing and metallographic microscopic examinations demonstrated that molecular chains present a regular orientation at a certain angle to the extrusion direction, under the effect of annular expansion extrusion. These findings highlight the efficiency of annular expansion in promoting the large‐scale production of pipes.

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Section: Microscopic Investigation Of Ppesk/pes Pipessupporting

confidence: 88%

Annular expansion for enhanced orientation and mechanical properties of extruded amorphous PPESK/PES pipes

Pan,

Zhao

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…[ 146,147 ] Recent advances have enabled AFM to probe complex polymer structures, functions, and behavior under real‐world conditions across various scales. [ 64,148–150 ]…”

Section: The Evolution Of Microstructure and Characterization Of A Si...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[63] Atomic force microscopy enables real-time observation of the sequential buildup. [64][65][66] Figure 4a illustrates the AFM image of a crosshatched lamella crystallized at 153 oC. Figure 4 (b demonstrates the AFM phase image of the interface between the nucleating agent and edge-on lamellae crystallized at 130 °C.…”

Section: Crystallization: Spherulites and Lamellamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[146,147] Recent advances have enabled AFM to probe complex polymer structures, functions, and behavior under real-world conditions across various scales. [64,[148][149][150] Figure 12. The optical micrograph of 𝛼-iPP spherulite with a Cartesian coordinate system and some representative 2D-WAXS patterns acquired at different positions indicated in the micrograph.…”

Section: Atomic Force Microscopy For Imaging At True Atomic Resolutio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of the Deformation‐ and Flow‐Induced Crystallization and Characterization of the Microstructure of a Single Spherulite, Lamella, and Chain of Isotactic Polypropylene

Sharaf,

Kloczkowski

2023

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is a frequently used polymer in industrial processing and scientific research, used as a model material. This review highlights some current and forefront issues in polymer science and engineering. This review alludes to classical deformation schemes to interpret the complicated deformation in isotactic polypropylene as a semicrystalline polymer. Also, due to the complex hierarchical structures of crystallized polymers, we are concerned mainly with the progress on the multi‐scale and multi‐stage microstructural evolution covering each deformation stage from the initiation of plasticity until failure, particularly in terms of crystalline morphology changes. Specifically, the characterization of the microstructure evolution of a single spherulite, lamella, and chain of isotactic polypropylene will be emphasized and mentioned. Here, we are most interested in the results obtained from stretching (strain‐induced) orientation and crystallization studies accompanied by the in situ scattering and spectroscopy techniques offering a detection window from nano to micrometer scale, which should be able to reflect the microstructural changes at different length scales of interest.During polymer processing, the melts are frequently subjected to shear or/and elongation flow fields, producing flow‐induced molecular chain orientation in the melt. The oriented molecular chains crystallize differently than those encountered under quiescent conditions. Thus, orientation‐induced crystallization has long been an object of intense interest. A vast body of research was reported about the effects of preorientation on the crystallization of various polymers. Among them, iPP is most frequently studied since its diversified structure and morphology are very sensitive to changes in processing conditions and molecular parameters.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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“…However, with improvements in time resolution of roughly 2 orders of magnitude, the advent of high-speed AFM has provided new opportunities for following BCP pattern dynamics in real space and time. 27 Since its development, high-speed AFM has empowered direct observations of many dynamic phenomena in BCP systems, including domain fluctuations, 28 pattern formation and alignment, 29,30 and terrace nucleation. 31 Here, we apply high-speed AFM to track fluctuations and defect dynamics in confined BCP cylinders during in situ thermal annealing.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Dynamics of Fluctuations and Defects in Confined Block Copolymer Films with High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy

Murphy,

Raybin,

Sibener

2024

Macromolecules

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The application of block copolymer (BCP) templates for nanofabrication is currently limited by structural disorder of the nanoscale pattern. To study pattern fluctuations and defects, we apply high-speed atomic force microscopy to track the dynamics of confined poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) cylinders during in situ thermal annealing. For this investigation, we use wedge-shaped trenches as a controlled platform for systematically examining the effects of strain and defectivity. By mapping the spatial distribution of domain fluctuations, we identify strong fluctuation enhancement in the vicinity of defect sites. Fluctuations are further influenced by local strain and proximity to the trench sidewalls. To explain these trends, we develop an analytic free-energy model for predicting fluctuations in confined BCP. Finally, we leverage our high-speed imaging to directly track defect healing mechanisms in the confined domains. Altogether, these experiments elucidate the collective interactions of defects, fluctuations, and strain during the assembly and alignment of BCP patterns.

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Correlating polymer structure, dynamics, and function with atomic force microscopy

Cited by 5 publications

References 161 publications

Annular expansion for enhanced orientation and mechanical properties of extruded amorphous PPESK/PES pipes

Annular expansion for enhanced orientation and mechanical properties of extruded amorphous PPESK/PES pipes

Evolution of the Deformation‐ and Flow‐Induced Crystallization and Characterization of the Microstructure of a Single Spherulite, Lamella, and Chain of Isotactic Polypropylene

Mapping the Dynamics of Fluctuations and Defects in Confined Block Copolymer Films with High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy

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