Correlation among Prostate Stroma, Plasma Estrogen Levels, and Urinary Estrogen Excretion in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Seppelt, U

doi:10.1210/jcem-47-6-1230

Cited by 53 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Perturbation of the androgen: estrogen ratio is associated with altered growth, behavior, and pathogenesis in the prostate, particularly when the ratio of androgens:estrogens is reduced on aging. In older men, peripheral androgen levels are reduced while estrogen levels remain unchanged or become elevated, 48 -50 and increasing circulating and intraprostatic estrogen:androgen ratios have been linked to prostate disease, including benign prostatic hyperplasia [51][52][53][54][55][56] . This study demonstrates the seminal importance of maintaining the appropriate balance between androgens and estrogens during neonatal life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Neonatal Estrogen Exposure to Estrogen-Deficient Mice (Aromatase Knockout) Reduces Prostate Weight and Induces Inflammation in Late Life

Bianco

McPherson

Wang

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposure of newborn male mice to estrogens is associated with age-related changes in prostate size and induction of epithelial hyperplasia and dysplasia. Whether these changes directly result from systemic estrogen administration or indirect effects of estrogens on systemic testosterone levels is unclear. We have addressed this question using aromatase-knockout ( The prostate gland is an androgen-dependent organ. Androgen ablation by castration results in involution of the prostate and activation of apoptosis, and these effects can be reversed following the restoration of androgens.1,2 Circulating testosterone entering the prostate can be metabolized to 5␣-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by local 5␣-reductase activity.3,4 The effects of testosterone and DHT are mediated by activation of the intracellular androgen receptor.Although primarily influenced by androgens, the prostate is also an estrogen-target organ. The biosynthesis of estrogens occurs via metabolism of an androgenic substrate, catalyzed by an enzyme complex known as aromatase.5 Detection of aromatase expression in the prostate is evidence for local estrogen synthesis, 6 -13 and the identification of estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes ER␣ and ER␤ 14,15 confirms that estrogen signaling pathways exist in the prostate.Direct effects of estrogens are difficult to determine because the effects of exogenous estrogen administration are centrally mediated and disrupt the normal endocrine environment, eliciting negative feedback inhibition of endogenous gonadotropin production and depression of testicular androgen biosynthesis.16,17 However, we recently studied direct estrogen actions in the prostate using the hypogonadal mouse (hpg) model, deficient in gonadotropin and sex steroid synthesis. 18 The effects of unopposed estradiol exposure were proliferative and included significant enlargement of prostate lobes. Aberrant growth was observed, including proliferation of stro-

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Neonatal Estrogen Exposure to Estrogen-Deficient Mice (Aromatase Knockout) Reduces Prostate Weight and Induces Inflammation in Late Life

Bianco

McPherson

Wang

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The evidence for estradiol production in the rat, canine and human prostate was demonstrated using the estrogen formation assay and/ or H 2 O release assay (6). Seppelt demonstrated a signi®cant correlation between the individual physiological estradiol levels and the amount of prostate stroma (7). Suzuki et al reported that the serum E 2 /T ratio was correlated with the prostatic volume (8) and Shibata et al demonstrated that the E 2 /dihydrotestosterone (DHT) ratio in the transitional zone of human BPH was positively correlated with the prostatic volume, the proportion of stroma (%) and age (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a new steroidal aromatase inhibitor, TZA-2237, and/or chlormadinone acetate on hormone-induced and spontaneous canine benign prostatic hyperplasia

Ito

Fukabori²,

Shibata³

et al. 2000

European Journal of Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: It has been known for many years that human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is composed predominantly of hyperplastic stromal cells rather than epithelial cells. In the present study the effects of a new steroidal aromatase inhibitor on hormone-induced and spontaneous canine BPH were investigated. Methods: (1) Effects of TZA-2237 on hormone-induced canine BPH. Ten castrated beagles were administered testosterone and androstenedione 6 days/week for 8 months, and divided randomly into three groups after 2 months of treatment as follows. Group I served as controls, Group II was given 0.5 and Group III was given 2.5 mg/kg/day TZA-2237 5 days/week for 6 months. (2) Effects of TZA-2237 on spontaneous canine BPH. Twenty aged beagles with BPH were divided into ®ve groups, Group IV was untreated, Group V was treated with 1 and Group VI with 5 mg/kg/day TZA-2237 5 days/week for 31 weeks. Group VII was treated with 5 mg/kg/day Atamestane and Group VIII was treated with 0.3 mg/kg/day chlormadinone acetate (CMA) 5 days/week. (3) Effects of TZA-2237 combined with CMA on spontaneous canine BPH. Three aged beagles with BPH were treated with 1 mg/kg/day TZA-2237 and 0.03 mg/kg/day CMA 5 days/week for 20 weeks (Group IX) and a further three aged beagles with BPH were treated with 0.3 mg/kg/day CMA alone 5 days/week (Group X). Results: Hormone-induced prostatic growth was signi®cantly suppressed in group III compared with that in other groups. In Group III, the intraprostatic aromatase activity, estradiol level and androgen receptor content decreased signi®cantly in comparison with the values in Group I. The prostatic weights in Groups V, VI and VII increased signi®cantly in comparison with the weight in Group IV. Serum LH and testosterone levels in Groups V, VI, and VII increased signi®cantly in comparison with the level in Group IV. The prostatic weight in Group IX was decreased only slightly, but the smooth muscle component was decreased signi®cantly. Conclusions: TZA-2237 is a new, unique and effective aromatase inhibitor that causes inhibition of both epithelial and stromal compartments in hormone-induced canine BPH. Dual inhibition of androgen and estrogen resulted in inhibition of smooth muscle growth, and should prove effective as a new method of treatment given the atrophic effects on not only the epithelium but also the stroma in human BPH.

show abstract

“…The released estrogens cause increased stimulation of the prostatic stroma, resulting in excessive proliferation of the prostate and occurrence of BPH (Krieg et al, 1995;Shibata et al, 2000). Indeed, it has been suggested that estrogen is a major risk factor of BPH (Seppelt, 1978;Van Coppenolle et al, 2001). Although the mechanism by which estrogen leads to the development of BPH has not been fully understood, available studies have shown that estrogen has direct and indirect effects at the cellular level on the prostate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qianliening capsule treats benign prostatic hyperplasia through regulating the expression of sex hormones, estrogen receptor and androgen receptor

Zhou¹,

Lin²,

Xu³

et al. 2012

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of Qianliening capsule (QLNC) on the expression levels of serum hormones, prostatic estrogen receptor and androgen receptor in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) rats, and investigate the possible molecular mechanisms mediating its anti-BPH activity. Male Sprage-Dawley (SD) rat BPH model was generated. BPH rats were orally treated with different concentrations of QLNC. Blood and the prostatic tissues of animals were obtained. The prostatic weight (PW) and prostatic index (PI) were evaluated; the histopathological changes of prostatic tissue, the levels of serum testosterone and estradiol, the mRNA and protein expression of ER and AR in prostatic tissue were examined by microscopy with hematoxylin and eosin staining HE staining, ELISA, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, respectively. Compared to the model group, the PW and PI in all QLNC-treated groups have significantly lower (p<0.05) serum than T/E 2 in QLNC-treated groups which was elevated significantly (p<0.05 or p< 0.01). Pathomorphism of prostatic tissue in QLNC-treated groups improved. The mRNA and protein expression of ER and AR in QLNC-treated groups decreased significantly. QLNC has significant therapeutic effect on BPH rats. Improvement of sex hormones disorder and regulation of ER and AR are one of the mechanisms by which QLNC treats BPH.

show abstract

Correlation among Prostate Stroma, Plasma Estrogen Levels, and Urinary Estrogen Excretion in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Cited by 53 publications

References 21 publications

Transient Neonatal Estrogen Exposure to Estrogen-Deficient Mice (Aromatase Knockout) Reduces Prostate Weight and Induces Inflammation in Late Life

Transient Neonatal Estrogen Exposure to Estrogen-Deficient Mice (Aromatase Knockout) Reduces Prostate Weight and Induces Inflammation in Late Life

Effects of a new steroidal aromatase inhibitor, TZA-2237, and/or chlormadinone acetate on hormone-induced and spontaneous canine benign prostatic hyperplasia

Qianliening capsule treats benign prostatic hyperplasia through regulating the expression of sex hormones, estrogen receptor and androgen receptor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About