“…Numerous studies have been conducted to explore the lead-lag relationship between various market indicators. Most of these originated in developed economies and indicate that futures markets tend to lead spot markets (see Abhyankar, 1995;Asche and Guttormsen, 2002;Brooks et al, 2001;Chan, 1992;Chen et al, 2017;Da Fonseca and Zaatour, 2017;Finnerty and Park, 1987;Ghosh, 1993;Grünbichler et al, 1994;Harris, 1989;Huth and Abergel, 2014;Kawaller et al, 1987;Martikainen and Puttonen, 1992;Shyy et al, 1996;Stoll and Whaley, 1990;Tang et al, 1992;Tse, 1995;Tse and Chan, 2010;Zhang and Liu, 2018). However, there has been an increase in studies in emerging economies, most of which have also found that futures markets tend to lead spot markets (see Choudhary and Bajaj, 2012;Debasish and Mishra, 2008;Demir et al, 2019;Floros and Vougas, 2007;Gong et al, 2016;Jiang et al, 2019;Kavussanos et al, 2008).…”