“…The topographically and biotically diverse territory of the broader Ural area attests to the complex palaeogeography and palaeoecology history reflecting large-scale landscape restructurings affected by orogenesis, and the Arctic and northern mountain glaciations (Arkhipov et al, 1986;Astakhov, 1997;Velichko, 1993;Mangerud et al, 2002), The regional Quaternary stratigraphy is based on geological, palaeontological, bio-stratigraphic and palaeomagnetic records related to the continental basin transgressions and regressions, and stages of loess deposition (Arkhipov et al, 2000;Vereshagina, 2001;Stefanovskiy, 2006). The pre-Quaternary history of the broader Urals is closely linked with formation of the main hydrological systems, particularly in the Fore-Urals area, connected to the Pechora and Caspian Basins.…”