Correlation between Chlorophyll and Chlorogenic Acid Content in Tobacco Leaves

Abstract

A positive correlation (r = 0.75, P < 0.01) was obtained between chlorophyll and chlorogenic acid content in the seedling leaves of burley and dark tobaccos. The dark tobaccos contained significantly higher concentrations of both constituents than the burleys. Such a correlation also occurred in a cytoplasmic mutant of chlorophyll-variegated tobacco when the green and yellow laminae were compared. In addition, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol. (25,26). Biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid takes place in the leaf (30) and begins with the deamination by PAL' of L-phenylalanine to cinnamic acid which subsequently undergoes hydroxylation and the formation of caffeoyl ester with quinic acid (2,9,16 MATERIALS AND METHODSPlant Materials. Twenty-five tobacco cultivars consisting of 8 burley and 17 dark tobaccos were cultured in plastic tubes (3 X 12 cm) containing vermiculite with a full strength of Hoagland's nutrient solution in growth chambers. Seedlings were placed about 30 cm under cool-white fluorescent lights which provided 1600 ft-c for a 16-hr photoperiod at 28 C. At the five-to six-leaf stage, the apical buds were removed to induce physiological aging of the leaf. One week later, leaves from 20 to 25 plants of each entry were harvested and bulked as one sample. All samples were freeze-dried and ground to pass through a 40-mesh screen. The ground powders were stored in amber bottles at -80 C. The same growth conditions and methods of sample preparation were followed for other experiments unless otherwise described.A cytoplasmic chlorophyll-variegated mutant of tobacco, whose inheritance and morphological characteristics are identical to that described by Burk et al. (4), was used to study the relation between chlorophyll quantity and polyphenol accumulation. Eighteen plants in 25-cm pots were randomly arranged on greenhouse benches into three replications. The greenhouse conditions were maintained at 27 C during the day and 18 C at night with fluorescent and incandescent lights to 2 In accordance with the recent change in the stereospecific numbering of quinic acid, C3 is now C5 and vice versa. IUPAC and IUB, J. Biol. Chem. 243: 5809-5819, 1968. 'Abbreviations: PAL: L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; PPOC polyphenoloxidase; PRO: peroxidase. 422 www.plantphysiol.org on May 11, 2018 -Published by Downloaded from

Non-targeted Metabolomics in Diverse Sorghum Breeding Lines Indicates Primary and Secondary Metabolite Profiles Are Associated with Plant Biomass Accumulation and Photosynthesis

“…Specific identified metabolites included Chlorogenic acid (CGA) which was found to be associated with photosynthesis (positive), growth rate (negative), and biomass (negative). CGA is a highly abundant compound and has been demonstrated to have important roles in multiple plant organs including leaves (Sheen, 1973 ; Mondolot et al, 2006 ; Clé et al, 2008 ; Leiss et al, 2009 ), roots, and root hairs, (Narukawa et al, 2009 ; Franklin and Dias, 2011 ), and has roles in diverse processes such as wound response (Ramamurthy et al, 1992 ; Campos-Vargas and Saltveit, 2002 ) and cell-wall building (Aerts and Baumann, 1994 ; Mondolot et al, 2006 ). In our study, three CGA isomers were identified in leaf extracts.…”

Chlorophyllase Activity and Chlorophyll Degradation in Tobacco Chlorophyll Genotypes

“…The latter is a precursor of chlorogenic acid. The con-version of 14 C-L-phenylalanine into chlorogenic acid and the interference of phenylpyruvic acid on this conversion in tobacco leaf have been experimentally demonstrated (8). Therefore, the more chlorophyll synthesized, the greater the quantity of chlorogenic acid accumulated in the case of dark tobaccos bearing Yb 1 and Yb 2 genes.…”

“…Dark tobaccos are homozygously dominant for these loci, whereas Burleys are homozygously recessive. Quantitative variation of chlorophyll in tobacco affects the concentration of not only nitrogenous compounds but also polyphenols (8,9,10). The latter are one of the precursors of suspected tumor promotors in cigarette smoke (12).…”

Polyphenol Accumulation in Chlorophyll Mutants of Tobacco under Two Cultural Practices

“…It has been suggested that a positive correlation between chlorophyll and polyphenol content in tobacco leaves may be attributed to the conversion of L-phenylalanine to phenylpyruvate by a-aminolevulinic acid transaminase for mlorophyll biosynthesis. In this case, phenylpyruvate is a by-product and can be readily converted to cinnamic acid subsequently to polyphenols (10 reduced activities of• both oxidases as would be expected because of the high temperature (71 °C; 160 °F) during curing. Oxidase activities were higher in ripe green leaves of plants grown in the Burley tobacco region than those of plants in the flue-cured tobacco region.…”

“…These chemical and physical characteristics serve as criteria of leaf quality. A comparison of dark and Burley tobaccos showed a positive correlation between polyphenol and chlorophyll quantities in leaf lamina (10). Burley, as a chlorophyll-deficient mutant, differs from dark tobaccos by two recessive factors, ybt and yht (5), and is low in polyphenol content (12).…”