Correlation between Circulating Catecholamine Levels and Ventricular Vulnerability during Psychological Stress in Conscious Dogs

Liang, Bruce T.; Verrier, Richard L.; Melman, Joseph; Lown, Bernard

doi:10.3181/00379727-161-40533

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Electrical After establishing the thresholds for each animal in the basal state, the repetitive extrasystolic response to l-epinephrine was assessed since this hormone is known to affect vulnerability (18), and can be present in enhanced concentrations in diabetics under some circumstances (19 (21) and during acute atrial pacing (22). In addition to the P-R and corrected Q-T times, the QRS duration was taken as the maximum observed value in the standard leads.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrhythmia susceptibility and myocardial composition in diabetes. Influence of physical conditioning.

Bakth¹,

Arena²,

Lee³

et al. 1986

J. Clin. Invest.

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Abnormal myocardial composition in diabetes mellitus has been described, but the effects on ventricular vulnerability have not been defined. We have assessed the susceptibility to arrhythmias in a canine model after 1 yr of mild diabetes induced by alloxan. Since physical conditioning can affect metabolic abnormalities in diabetes, this intervention has also been evaluated. Group 1 served as controls and groups 3 and 4 were diabetic. Animals in the latter group as well as nondiabetic controls of group 2 were exercised on a treadmill for the last 8 mo of the experiment. After 1 yr, anesthesia was induced with chloralose for vulnerability studies. The ventricular fibrillation threshold of 24.4±1.9 mA in group 3 was significantly less than in normals (45.1±2.2). Spontaneous arrhythmias were also more prevalent in diabetics during acute ischemia (group 3-A). Increased ventricular vulnerability after epinephrine infusion was present in the sedentary diabetes despite normal ventricular function responsiveness. In a superfused preparation of myocardium, resting membrane potential and action potential amplitude were normal in diabetics, and beta-adrenergic stimulation shortened repolarization more than in controls. Myocardial collagen concentrations, which included an interfibrillar distribution on morphologic examination, were increased in group 3. In the trained diabetics of group 4 the basal vulnerability thresholds and responses to epinephrine were normal. While myocardial collagen levels were normal, cholesterol and triglyceride increments persisted. Thus, in mild experimental diabetes, enhanced susceptibility to arrhythmias exists; this susceptibility may be based on a combination of nonhomogenous collagen accumulation affecting local conduction and increased electrophysiologic sensitivity to catecholamines.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrhythmia susceptibility and myocardial composition in diabetes. Influence of physical conditioning.

Bakth¹,

Arena²,

Lee³

et al. 1986

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Previous work by Verrier and colleagues (7,19,21) and Skinner et al (38,39) has investigated the cardiac vulnerability in large animals, such as dogs and pigs, and has evaluated the effects of acute stressors that evoked short-lived emotional changes (e.g., akin to anger or fear). The study of ventricular function in the rat allows for testing hypotheses relating to behavioral changes associated with mood and physiological mechanisms of depression and cardiovascular function.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in a rodent model of experimental depression

Grippo¹,

Santos²,

Johnson³

et al. 2004

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Depression is an important public health problem and is considered to be an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. The pathophysiological mechanisms that link depression with adverse cardiovascular events (e.g., myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, and sudden death) are not well established. It is possible that an increased susceptibility to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias in depressed patients influences the risk of morbidity and mortality in coronary artery disease. This idea was tested with the use of an experimental model of depression that was developed to induce anhedonia, the reduced responsiveness to pleasurable stimuli observed in human depressed patients. Rats exposed to 4 wk of chronic mild stress (e.g., paired housing, strobe light, and white noise) displayed anhedonia, which was operationally defined by the reduced intake of a palatable sucrose solution relative to an established baseline and to control animals. Furthermore, compared with control rats, the anhedonic rats showed increased basal heart rate and decreased heart rate variability. In response to an intravenously infused chemical challenge, aconitine, anhedonic rats exhibited an increased vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias, as indicated by a reduced threshold for premature ventricular complexes, salvos, and ventricular tachycardia. These findings suggest that the presence of depressive symptoms is associated with a lower threshold for ventricular arrhythmias, which may contribute to the increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events in patients with depression.

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“…Administration of intravenous morphine (0.25 mg/kg) did not alter the threshold in the absence of stress but did completely prevent the stress-induced changes in vulnerability. As we have previously established that the aversive setting results in high plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine (Liang, et al, 1979), morphine appears to exert its protective action by opposing the profibrillatory influence of enhanced adrenergic activity.…”

Section: Behavioral Stressmentioning

confidence: 89%

Stress‐Specific Influences of Opioids on Cardiac Electrical Stability

Verrier

Carr

1991

Cardiovasc electrophysiol

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Opioids and Arrhythmias. Evidence is provided indicating that the action of opioids on cardiac electrical stability is contingent on the nature of the stress that impinges on the myocardium. This concept is illustrated by the studies of three clinically relevant conditions, namely, acute behavioral stress, hemorrhage, and myocardia! ischemia. During aversive conditioning in dogs, morphine sulfate has been found to prevent the stress-induced reduction in cardiac electrical stability. This protective effect is significantly blunted by administration of atropine, indicating that enhanced vagal activity plays a major role. However, there is a remaining component of morphine's action, which is probably due to reduced perception of the aversive stress. In the context of hemorrhage, the mu-selective agonist fentanyl substantially reduces the profibrillatory effect of this physiological stress. The main mechanism involved in this condition is ampliflcation of baroreceptor sensitivity leading to inhibition of cardiac sympathetic drive. Full activation of mu receptors with fentanyl is also effective in reducing vulnerability to nbrillation during acute coronary artery occlusion. This effect was due to vagal efferent activation and not to enhanced baroreceptor responsiveness as in the case of hemorrhage. Administration of the partial mu-agonist buprenorphine does not exert an antiHbrillatory action. Collectively, these results not only demonstrate the potent stabilizing influence of opioids on cardiac rhythm but also the stress speciflcity of the intermediary mechanisms

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Correlation between Circulating Catecholamine Levels and Ventricular Vulnerability during Psychological Stress in Conscious Dogs

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Arrhythmia susceptibility and myocardial composition in diabetes. Influence of physical conditioning.

Arrhythmia susceptibility and myocardial composition in diabetes. Influence of physical conditioning.

Increased susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in a rodent model of experimental depression

Stress‐Specific Influences of Opioids on Cardiac Electrical Stability

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