Correlation between collagen solubility and skin optical clearing using sugars

Hirshburg, Jason M.; Choi, Bernard; Nelson, J. Stuart; Yeh, Alvin T.

doi:10.1002/lsm.20417

Cited by 73 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Since the RI of OCA is higher than the RI of water, the OCA inclusion in the tissue provides the RI matching mechanism. 15, 24 An increase in tissue transparency is achieved 11 and better contrast images can be obtained from deeper layers inside the tissue. 7 Many studies with di®erent kinds of tissues and OCAs like glycerol, 25,26 glucose 11,27 or dimethyl sulfoxide 14 have been made in the last two decades.…”

Section: Introduction and Basic Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical clearing mechanisms characterization in muscle

Oliveira

Carvalho

Nogueira

et al. 2016

J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci.

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Optical immersion clearing is a technique that has been widely studied for more than two decades and that is used to originate a temporary transparency effect in biological tissues. If applied in cooperation with clinical methods it provides optimization of diagnosis and treatment procedures. This technique turns biological tissues more transparent through two main mechanisms — tissue dehydration and refractive index (RI) matching between tissue components. Such matching is obtained by partial replacement of interstitial water by a biocompatible agent that presents higher RI and it can be completely reversible by natural rehydration in vivo or by assisted rehydration in ex vivo tissues. Experimental data to characterize and discriminate between the two mechanisms and to find new ones are necessary. Using a simple method, based on collimated transmittance and thickness measurements made from muscle samples under treatment, we have estimated the diffusion properties of glucose, ethylene glycol (EG) and water that were used to perform such characterization and discrimination. Comparing these properties with data from literature that characterize their diffusion in water we have observed that muscle cell membrane permeability limits agent and water diffusion in the muscle. The same experimental data has allowed to calculate the optical clearing (OC) efficiency and make an interpretation of the internal changes that occurred in muscle during the treatments. The same methodology can now be used to perform similar studies with other agents and in other tissues in order to solve engineering problems at design of inexpensive and robust technologies for a considerable improvement of optical tomographic techniques with better contrast and in-depth imaging.

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Section: Introduction and Basic Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical clearing mechanisms characterization in muscle

Oliveira

Carvalho

Nogueira

et al. 2016

J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci.

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show abstract

“…8 We introduced collagen solubility as a measure of a chemical agent's ability to screen noncovalent forces and correlated it with tissue optical clearing for a series of polyols and sugars. 5,9 These studies suggested that, of the chemical agents in the series, their optical clearing potential ͑and collagen solubility͒ could be grouped by chain length and locations of hydroxyl groups within the molecule. More specifically for sugar alcohols, optical clearing potential for the series could be grouped by chain length, in increasing order, as two-carbon backbone ͑ethylene glycol͒, three-to five-carbon backbone ͑glycerol to xylitol͒, and six-carbon backbone ͑sorbitol͒.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular basis for optical clearing of collagenous tissues

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Molecular interactions of optical clearing agents were investigated using a combination of molecular dynamics ͑MD͒ simulations and optical spectroscopy. For a series of sugar alcohols with low to high optical clearing potential, Raman spectroscopy and integrating sphere measurements were used to quantitatively characterize tissue water loss and reduction in light scattering following agent exposures. The rate of tissue water loss was found to correlate with agent optical clearing potential, but equivalent tissue optical clearing was measured in native and fixed tissue in vitro, given long-enough exposure times to the polyol series. MD simulations showed that the rate of tissue optical clearing correlated with the preferential formation of hydrogen bond bridges between agent and collagen. Hydrogen bond bridge formation disrupts the collagen hydration layer and facilitates replacement by a chemical agent to homogenize tissue refractive index. However, the reduction in tissue light scattering did not correlate with the agent index of refraction. Our results suggest that a necessary property of optical clearing agents is hyperosmolarity to tissue, but that the most effective agents with the highest rates of optical clearing are a subset with the highest collagen solubilities.

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“…An increase in BGC leads to a subsequent rise in the refractive indices of blood and interstitial fluid, whereas the refractive index of scattering particles in the skin remains unchanged. 51,52 Thus, the refractive index mismatch between the solute and the particles diminishes and the scattering is decreased, which was clearly reflected in the OCT signal slopes.…”

Section: Correlation Between Octss and Bgcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the interaction between collagen and OCAs can also lead to a substantial reduction in tissue light scattering. [51][52][53] Thus, there would be more effective light dose penetrating through the SC and the epidermis into the lower dermis area, where blood in the skin tissue is much more abundant. The probing depth of OCT was increased when the glycerol optical clearing agent was applied topically on the skin.…”

Section: Correlation Between Octss and Bgcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of optical clearing agents on noninvasive blood glucose monitoring with optical coherence tomography: a pilot study

2012

J. Biomed. Opt

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Abstract. Recently, the capability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been demonstrated for noninvasive blood glucose monitoring. In this work, we investigate the administration of chemical agents onto human skin tissue to increase the transparency of the surface of the skin, as a means of improving the capability of OCT imaging for clinically relevant applications. Eight groups of experiments were proposed, in which different optical clearing agents (OCA) were used. The results indicate that, when properly used, some OCAs perform well in promoting the capability of OCT for noninvasive blood glucose monitoring. Among the four kinds of OCA we used, 50% v∕v glycerol solute turns out to be the best enhancer. Compared with the results of the experiments in which no OCA was used, when 50% glycerol was applied onto the human skin topically, the correlation coefficient between the OCT signal slope (OCTSS) and blood glucose concentration (BGC) was improved by 7.1% on average, and the lag time between changes in the OCTSS and BGC was cut by 8 min on average. The results of 10 w∕v mannitol were also good, but not as pronounced.

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Correlation between collagen solubility and skin optical clearing using sugars

Cited by 73 publications

References 23 publications

Optical clearing mechanisms characterization in muscle

Optical clearing mechanisms characterization in muscle

Molecular basis for optical clearing of collagenous tissues

Effects of optical clearing agents on noninvasive blood glucose monitoring with optical coherence tomography: a pilot study

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