Correlation between concentration and composition of PCB mixtures in seals (Phoca vitulina)

Heidmann, Walter A.; Yanes, G. Staats De; Büthe, Annegret; Rüssel-Sinn, Harald A.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(92)90202-3

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The less contaminated seals from Smith Island had more PCBs with lower degrees of chlorination than in the more highly contaminated samples from Gertrude Island. This agrees well with the findings of Heidmann et al (35).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides in Harbor Seal Pups from the Inland Waters of Washington State

Hong

Calambokidis

Bush

et al. 1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Blubber and liver samples from eight harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) pups, found dead at Puget Sound in 1990, have been analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners including mono-ortho and non-ortho coplanar PCBs, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), p,p‘-DDE, and mirex. Four of the seals were from Smith Island in the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and four were from southern Puget Sound primary at Gertrude Island. The levels of total PCBs, p,p‘-DDE, and mirex are significantly higher in the seal samples from Gertrude Island than those from Smith Island. There was no significant difference in the level of HCB in seal samples between the two locations. PCB profiles were dominated by congeners 138, 153, and 180. The new PCB toxic equivalency factors (TEF) recommended by WHO (), and the TEF for congener 81 from Harris et al. () was used for calculation of the contribution to dioxin-like toxicity from the PCB congeners. PCB congener 126 was the major contributor to PCB toxic equivalents (TEQs), followed by 156. The levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in marine mammals from Georgia Strait/Vancouver Island (3) were presented for reference purposes. Based on our studies of PCBs and PCDD/Fs data from the literature, the overall TEQs calculated for the monitored PCBs in Smith Island seals may contribute as much if not more dioxin-like toxicity as PCDD/Fs themselves.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides in Harbor Seal Pups from the Inland Waters of Washington State

Hong

Calambokidis

Bush

et al. 1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…When CYP activity is induced, the fraction of all metabolizable PCB congeners generally decreases [11, 17]. Hence, the reciprocal of the summed concentrations of all metabolizable congeners relative to Σ‐PCB should reflect the metabolic CYP activity of the sampled animal [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PCB congeners can be categorized according to their structure and their resistance to metabolic degradation [11]. Dose‐related alterations in PCB patterns can be observed in organisms exposed to different levels of or‐ganochlorines [16, 17], and in this study, the PCB congener pattern in blood is proposed as a biomarker for exposure to CYP‐inducing organochlorines. PCB congener patterns are analyzed in several animal species, and predator–prey relations are discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated biphenyls pattern analysis: Potential nondestructive biomarker in vertebrates for exposure to cytochrome P450‐inducing organochlorines

Brink¹,

Ruiter-Dijkman²,

Broekhuizen³

et al. 2000

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Biomarkers are valuable instruments to assess the risks from exposure of organisms to organochlorines. In general, however, these biomarkers are either destructive to the animal of interest or extremely difficult to obtain otherwise. In this paper, we present a nondestructive biomarker for exposure to cytochrome P450-inducing organochlorines. This marker is based on a pattern analysis of metabolizable and nonmetabolizable polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, which occur in several kinds of tissues (and even blood) that can be obtained without serious effects on the organism involved. The fraction of metabolizable PCB congeners is negatively correlated with exposure to PCBs, which are known to induce specific P450 isoenzymes. This relation can be modeled by a logistic curve, which can be used to define critical levels of exposure. In addition, this method creates an opportunity to analyze biomarker responses in archived tissues stored at standard freezing temperatures (Ϫ20ЊC), at which responses to established biomarkers deteriorate. Furthermore, this method facilitates attribution of the enzyme induction to certain classes of compounds.

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“…According to Reijnders [35], a plateau in concentrations is reached at about 4 years because intake and excretion are balanced. Mature female marine mammals lose organochlorines during gestation and lactation [36,38], resulting in a reduction of the organochlorine burden. In contrast, males continue to accumulate organochlorines throughout life [37].…”

Section: Sex and Age Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine Burdens in Harbour Seals from the German Wadden Sea Collected During Two Phocine Distemper Epizootics and Ringed Seals from West Greenland Waters

Siebert¹,

Heidmann²,

Friedhoff³

et al. 2012

J Environment Analytic Toxicol

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Materials and Methods Sample collectionHarbour seals from the German waters were collected between June 2001 and October 2002 through the stranding network of Schleswig-Holstein. Blubber and liver samples were taken during routine post mortem examination conducted during monitoring programmes [19]. Results of 26 harbour seals for the comparison of PDV-positive and PDV-negative animals (Table 1: animals 1-26) and 20 harbour seals were included for the comparison between ringed and harbour seals (Table 1: animals 10-29).Blubber and liver samples of 20 ringed seals hunted by Inuits in Qeqertarsuaq, West Greenland were collected during April and May 2002. 14 ringed seals were males (all subadults) and 6 were females (2 adults and 4 subadults) (Table 1: animals 30-49).All tissue samples were taken with stainless steel instruments, Greenlandic samples were placed in optically opaque glass jars and

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Correlation between concentration and composition of PCB mixtures in seals (Phoca vitulina)

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides in Harbor Seal Pups from the Inland Waters of Washington State

Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides in Harbor Seal Pups from the Inland Waters of Washington State

Polychlorinated biphenyls pattern analysis: Potential nondestructive biomarker in vertebrates for exposure to cytochrome P450‐inducing organochlorines

Organochlorine Burdens in Harbour Seals from the German Wadden Sea Collected During Two Phocine Distemper Epizootics and Ringed Seals from West Greenland Waters

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