Correlation between correction of Menstrual Irregularity and Diminution of Cyclic Mastalgia

Karimian, Faramarz; Akhavan, Setareh; Marzoughi, Ali; Keramati, Mohammad Reza; Ashouri, Mohammad

doi:10.30699/jogcr.4.4.135

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The preponderance of negative/normal findings on imaging in the present study agrees with some previous studies, especially those in the setting of a normal CBE (9,17,20). In this study, 76% of the patients revealed no abnormality on imaging, which is similar to two reports in the USA (77.3% and 75%) (16,17).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Other factors associated with breast pain are caffeine and nicotine consumption, lactation frequency, alteration in estrogen/progesterone ratio, oral contraceptives, hormonal therapy, psychotropic drugs, and others (10,14,16,28). Large breasts also cause some degree of ligamentous pain (9). In the aforementioned cases, negative/normal imaging findings are usually observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three types of breast pain are introduced: cyclical, noncyclical, and extramammary (9). Cyclical mastalgia is as-sociated with the menstrual cycle and usually occurs in both breasts diffusely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extramammary pain arises from the chest wall but is felt within the breast (musculoskeletal chest pain). Some examples of extramammary pain are costochondritis, Tietze syndrome, and others (7,9,12). This type may be unilateral and localized in the breast, being observed more frequently in females aged 40 -50 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although breast pain, as the only symptom, is a low risk factor of breast cancer (9,14), it leads to remarkable mor-bidity, anxiety and generally influences of the quality of life worldwide (15,16). These women often seek medical attention due to concerns about possible breast cancer as the most typical female cancer worldwide (17)(18)(19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concerns About Breast Pain: How Useful Is Imaging?

2022

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Background: Breast pain is one of the most common reasons for referral to breast imaging. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of mammography and sonomammography in women complaining of breast pain in a teaching hospital in Southeast Nigeria. Methods: This descriptive study analyzed the mammographic/sonomammographic images and records of 241 consecutive adult women aged 18 - 81 years with breast pain who presented to the radiology department over three years. A non-random sampling method was employed to select the participants. The extracted variables were patient’s age, positive clinical history of breast pain, laterality of breast pain, type of imaging, presence or absence of lesion, type, and laterality of lesions if present, and Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) assignment of imaging findings on mammography and sonomammography. The descriptive analysis of continuous variables and inferential statistics of ordinal data were performed with Microsoft Excel and chi-squared test, respectively. In this study, P < 0.05 was set as the significance level. Results: Most women (20%) with a complaint of breast pain were in the 40 - 44-year age group. Moreover, 32.3%, 33.2%, and 34.4% of the participants had left-sided, right-sided, and bilateral breast pain, respectively. Among the participants, 118 and 123 women had mammography and sonomammography, respectively. Furthermore, 76.3% had normal findings on mammography or sonomammography, and only 23.7% had positive imaging findings on breast imaging. These lesions were mostly observed among the women in the age group of 45 - 49 years. Of those with lesions detected on imaging, 79.2% and 20.8% demonstrated benign and malignant attributes, respectively. Masses with definite benign attributes assigned BI-RADS II were mostly fibroadenomata and cysts. Inferential statistics indicated that unilateral mastalgia was more likely to be associated with a breast lesion, while bilateral mastalgia usually resulted in normal breast imaging findings. Conclusions: Women referring to the Radiology Department with a complaint of breast pain alone are unlikely to have any significant breast imaging finding; hence, imaging serves as a tool for assuaging the anxiety of these patients and reassuring the referring physician. Unilateral but not bilateral mastalgia is likely to yield positive imaging findings, which are largely benign.

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