Correlation between different genotypes of human cytomegalovirus and Epstein‐Barr virus and peri‐implant tissue status

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of different genotypes of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in peri-implantitis and mucositis sites, and to evaluate the correlation between herpesvirus presence and clinical parameters. Methods: A total of 80 dental implants (mean time of loading, 4.16 ± 1.8 years) were evaluated during the course of the study (30 peri-implantitis, 25 mucositis and 25 healthy peri-implant sites). The following clinical parameters were assessed: visible plaque index, bleeding on probing, suppuration and probing depth. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to identify the presence of different HCMV and EBV genotypes in peri-implant tissue plaque samples. Results: HCMV-2 was detected in 53.3% and EBV-1 in 46.6% of the 30 peri-implantitis sites evaluated. By contrast, HCMV-2 was not detected in healthy periodontal sites and EBV-1 was detected in one healthy site. A statistically significant correlation was found between the presence of HCMV-2 and EBV-1 genotypes and clinical parameters of peri-implantitis. Conclusions:The results from the present study confirmed the high prevalence of HCMV-2 and EBV-1 in the peri-implant tissue plaque of peri-implantitis sites and suggests a possible active pathogenic role of the viruses in peri-implantitis.

Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Genotypes in Apical Periodontitis Lesions

“…Only 2 of 4 HCMV gB genotypes were detected in periapical lesions, gB-I and gB-II. Our results are in accordance with previously reported occurrence of HCMV gB genotypes in generalized chronic periodontitis and periimplantitis tissues (25,26). Similarly, these studies reported the absence of HCMV gB-III and gB-IV in their samples.…”

“…Our results also corroborate some previous findings regarding EBV genotypes in oral pathologies. Wu et al (25) reported the presence of both EBV genotypes in tissue samples of generalized chronic periodontitis, with significantly higher frequencies of EBV-1, whereas Jankovic et al (26) found that EBV-1 was more frequent in samples of periimplantitis and mucositis compared with EBV-2. The occurrence of EBV-2 has been mostly found in immunocompromised patients such as HIV-infected and transplant recipients (24).…”

“…Wu et al (25) demonstrated that different genotypes of HCMV and EBV are associated with clinical features of gingivitis and generalized chronic periodontitis. Similarly, Jankovic et al (26) found a significant correlation between the presence of HCMV-2 and EBV-1 genotypes and clinical parameters of peri-implantitis.…”

Herpes Simplex 1 and Periopathogen Role in Peri-implantitis

“…7,11,16 This study established nonsignificant difference in prevalence of HSV-1 between PI and HI, disagreeing with the outcome reported by the study mentioned above. Such discrepancy can be explained by two possible facts: The sample size in the present study counted 40 patients with 77 implants affected by PI, i.e., roughly 3-fold greater than in the previous studies that counted 20 to 30 PI cases.…”

Human cytomegalovirus‐1 and Epstein–Barr virus‐1 viral colonization of titanium and zirconia abutments: a split‐mouth study

“…The association of titanium and zirconia as abutment materials, and the colonization of HCMV‐1 and EBV‐1 in clinically‐normal peri‐implant sites, has not been addressed in the literature. Few studies have determined the prevalence of EBV‐1 and HCMV‐1 in the subgingival plaque of patients with peri‐implantitis . The present study determined the prevalence of EBV‐1 and HCMV‐1 in submarginal plaque from titanium and zirconia abutment‐restored implant sites in the same individuals, thus facilitating a more direct comparison of the effect of the abutment material and eliminating inter‐participant variability in plaque biofilm characteristics, plaque‐control measures, and maintenance care.…”