Correlation between mechanical and optical properties of ZnO nanowire

Vazinishayan, Ali; Yazdi, Mohammad Reza Hairi

doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.166545

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In addition, a recent computational study on planar waveguides have correlated the relationship of compressive (tensile) strain to a decrease (increase) in refractive index [ 39 ]. Other studies based on finite element modeling (FEM) and 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) have also shown the effects of bending strain to the electric and magnetic field intensities on ZnO nanowires [ 40 , 41 ]. These studies concluded that mechanical strain experienced by the nanowires and subsequent changes in refractive index of the nanomaterials can lead to a phase shift of transmitted light, optical path of light, and fraction of incident light [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies based on finite element modeling (FEM) and 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) have also shown the effects of bending strain to the electric and magnetic field intensities on ZnO nanowires [ 40 , 41 ]. These studies concluded that mechanical strain experienced by the nanowires and subsequent changes in refractive index of the nanomaterials can lead to a phase shift of transmitted light, optical path of light, and fraction of incident light [ 40 , 41 ]. These works seem to indirectly suggest that the trend observed in our experiments may be attributed to the changes in the NR refractive index under the different conditions of strain exerted on the NRs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elucidation of Strain-Dependent, Zinc Oxide Nanorod Response for Nanorod-Guided Fluorescence Intensity

et al. 2022

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In this work, we examine how strain exerted on individual ZnO nanorods (NRs) can influence the fluorescence signals that are emitted from fluorophore molecules and subsequently coupled into and guided along the NR. We elucidate the relationships between the incremental levels of compressive and tensile strain on the NRs and measured fluorescence intensity of a model fluorophore, rhodamine 6G (R6G), as a function of the position on the NRs. We reveal that compressive strain on the NRs leads to a decrease in the guided fluorescence signal, while tensile strain leads to an increase in the fluorescence intensity. Compared to an unstrained state, approximately 35% decrease (increase) in R6G fluorescence intensity was observed from ZnO NRs when they were under compressive strain of −14% (tensile strain of +10%). Further, our systematic acquisition of the incremental addition of uniaxial strain result in a linear relationship of the coupled fluorescence signal and the amount of applied strain. The degree of fluorescence intensification on nanorod ends (DoF), which is a quantitative indicator for the amount of R6G signals coupled into and waveguided to the NR ends compared to those on the main body, also exhibits a linear relationship with strain. These outcomes, in turn, demonstrate that strain alters the waveguiding capabilities of ZnO NRs in a predictable manner, which can be exploited to modulate and optimize fluorescence and other light signals emitted by a nearby source. Considering the wide utility of ZnO NRs in photonics, optoelectronics, and sensors, insights from our study may be highly valuable to effectively controlling and enhancing optical signals from chemical and biological analytes through strain.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of Strain-Dependent, Zinc Oxide Nanorod Response for Nanorod-Guided Fluorescence Intensity

et al. 2022

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“…A study on the photo elastic effect that used a combination of FEM and 3D FDTD modeling simulations reported that the application of mechanical strain can cause a change in refractive index of ZnO nanowires (NWs). This, in turn, results in a phase shift of the transmitted light, optical path of light, and fraction of incident light [26,27]. Previous studies have also reported that the intrinsic bandgap emission of ZnO NWs exhibits a blue (red) shift when the NWs are under compression (tension) [19][20][21][22]45].…”

Section: Dof =mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Our results clearly demonstrate a linear relationship between the increase/decrease in the waveguided fluorescence signal and the tension/compression exerted on the individual ZnO NRs. Although further studies are required to understand the exact mechanism of the observed relationship between the strain and optical responses, previous experimental and simulation studies related to strain may provide valuable insights into our experimental observations [19][20][21][22][25][26][27]45]. A study on the photo elastic effect that used a combination of FEM and 3D FDTD modeling simulations reported that the application of mechanical strain can cause a change in refractive index of ZnO nanowires (NWs).…”

Section: Dof =mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As such, previous works have used mechanical strain to modify the resistance [21], near band emission [17,19,20,22], and Schottky barrier height [23,24] of ZnO NWs. Simulation studies based on the finite element method (FEM) and three-dimensional (3D) finite difference time domain (FDTD) have also reported that the optical properties of ZnO NWs, such as reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance, are dependent on the applied mechanical strain [25][26][27]. These previous efforts have demonstrated that the intrinsic optical properties of ZnO nanostructures can be controlled through the application of strain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain-Modulated and Nanorod-Waveguided Fluorescence in Single Zinc Oxide Nanorod-Based Immunodetection

Sytu,

Stoner,

Hahm

2024

Biosensors

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Mechanical strain has been shown to be a versatile and tunable means to control various properties of nanomaterials. In this work, we investigate how strain applied to individual ZnO nanorods (NRs) can affect the fluorescence signals originated from external sources of bioanalytes, which are subsequently coupled and guided onto the NRs. Specifically, we determine how factors such as the NR length and protein concentration can influence the strain-induced changes in the waveguided fluorescence intensity along the NRs. We employ a protein of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and a fluorophore-labeled antibody in a model immunoassay reaction, after which Alexa488-TNF-α immunocomplex is formed on ZnO NRs. We elucidate the relationships between the types as well as amounts of strain on the NRs and the fluorescence intensity originated from the Alexa488-TNF-α immunocomplexes. We show that tensile (compressive) strain applied to the NR leads to an increase (decrease) in the waveguided fluorescence signals. By assessing important optical phenomena such as fluorescence intensification on nanorod ends (FINE) and degree of FINE (DoF), we confirm their linear dependence with both the types and amounts of strain. Furthermore, the strain-induced changes in both FINE and DoF are found to be independent of protein concentration. We determine that NR length plays a critical role in obtaining high strain-dependence of the measured fluorescence signals. Particularly, we ascertain that longer NRs yield larger changes in both FINE and DoF in response to the applied strain, relative to shorter ones. In addition, longer NRs permit higher linear correlation between the protein concentration and the waveguided fluorescence intensity. These outcomes provide valuable insight into exploiting strain to enhance the detection of optical signals from bioanalytes, thus enabling their quantifications even at ultra-trace levels. Coupled with the use of individual ZnO NRs demonstrated in our measurements, this work may contribute to the development of a miniaturized, highly sensitive biosensor whose signal transduction is best optimized by the application of strain.

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Correlation between mechanical and optical properties of ZnO nanowire

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Elucidation of Strain-Dependent, Zinc Oxide Nanorod Response for Nanorod-Guided Fluorescence Intensity

Elucidation of Strain-Dependent, Zinc Oxide Nanorod Response for Nanorod-Guided Fluorescence Intensity

Strain-Modulated and Nanorod-Waveguided Fluorescence in Single Zinc Oxide Nanorod-Based Immunodetection

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