Correlation between nitrogen application to tea flushes and quality of green and black teas

Chen, Po–An; Lin, Szu-Yu; Liu, Chiou-Fang; Su, Yen-Shuo; Cheng, Hun-Yuan; Shiau, Jian-Hsing; Chen, Iou-Zen

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2014.10.050

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…N deficiency resulted in an increase in the ratio of root/shoot dry weight (Fig. 1E) which agrees with the view that plant tops are affected by N deficiency to a greater extent than root systems (Chen et al 2015). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Carbon dioxide assimilation and photosynthetic electron transport of tea leaves under nitrogen deficiency

et al. 2016

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BackgroundTea plant is famed in humid and sub-humid of tropical regions, sub-tropical regions, and is a leaf-harvested crop. Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for increasing quality of tea leaves. Therefore, large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer are increasingly applied by tea farmers. Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer aroused people’s concern. This research of physiological response to N deficiency stress will be helpful for appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer for tea farmers and elucidate a mechanistic basis for the reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation.ResultsTo elucidate a mechanistic basis for the reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation under nitrogen (N) deficiency tea leaves, changes in chlorophyll (Chl), carbohydrates, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and chlorophyll fluorescence transient were examined together with six N treatment (0, 50, 100, 300, 1200 or 6000 μM N). Root, stem and leaves dry weight (DW) increased as N supply increased from 0 to 300 μM, then remained unchanged. The reductions in CO2 assimilation of N-deficient leaves paralleled with high intercellular CO2 concentration. Rubisco activity, protein and Chl content increased linearly or curvilinearly over the range of leaf N content examined except unchanged as leaf N from 2.15 to 2.79 g m−2. Chlorophyll fluorescence transient from N-deficient leaves displayed a depression at the P-step, accompanied by a new step at about 150 μs (L-step). Fv/Fm, REo/ETo, ETo/ABS, Sm, ETo/CSo, PIabs, PItot, abs, were decreased in N-deficient leaves but increased DIo/CSo, DIo/RC and DIo/ABS. Regressive analysis showed that CO2 assimilation decreased linearly or curvilinearly with decreasing initial rubisco, PIabs and Leaf Chl, respectively. Therefore, we concluded the decreased photosynthetic electron transport capacity, leaf chl content and initial rubisco activity are probably the main factors contributing to decreased CO2 assimilation under N deficiency.ConclusionsThe decreased photosynthetic electron transport capacity, leaf Chl content and initial rubisco activity are probably the main factors contributing to decreased CO2 assimilation under N deficiency.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Carbon dioxide assimilation and photosynthetic electron transport of tea leaves under nitrogen deficiency

et al. 2016

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“…The catechin and caffeine content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) according to Chen et al ( 2015 ) with some modifications. Briefly, 0.2 g of powdered leaves was extracted with 10 mL of 70% (v/v) methanol at 70°C for 20 min, and the extract was then filtered through a 0.45-μm Millipore filter before being injected into an Shimadzu LC-20A HPLC system (Shimadzu, Japan).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms of Drought-Stress-Induced Decreases in Camellia sinensis Leaf Quality

et al. 2016

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The tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is an important commercial crop rich in bioactive ingredients, especially catechins, caffeine, theanine and other free amino acids, which the quality of tea leaves depends on. Drought is the most important environmental stress affecting the yield and quality of this plant. In this study, the effects of drought stress on the phenotype, physiological characteristics and major bioactive ingredients accumulation of C. sinensis leaves were examined, and the results indicated that drought stress resulted in dehydration and wilt of the leaves, and significant decrease in the total polyphenols and free amino acids and increase in the total flavonoids. In addition, HPLC analysis showed that the catechins, caffeine, theanine and some free amino acids in C. sinensis leaves were significantly reduced in response to drought stress, implying that drought stress severely decreased the quality of C. sinensis leaves. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to amino acid metabolism and secondary metabolism were identified and quantified in C. sinensis leaves under drought stress using high-throughput Illumina RNA-Seq technology, especially the key regulatory genes of the catechins, caffeine, and theanine biosynthesis pathways. The expression levels of key regulatory genes were consistent with the results from the HPLC analysis, which indicate a potential molecular mechanism for the above results. Taken together, these data provide further insights into the mechanisms underlying the change in the quality of C. sinensis leaves under environmental stress, which involve changes in the accumulation of major bioactive ingredients, especially catechins, caffeine, theanine and other free amino acids.

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“…The constituents of the samples, including moisture concentration, pH value, total polyphenol (TP) concentration, FAA concentration, gallic acid (GA) concentration, and concentrations of individual catechins, were measured following the standard methods provided by the Tea Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan of Taiwan [ 26 , 27 ]. The measured values (actual values) were used as references for the qualitative and quantitative spectral analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis and Discrimination of Partially Fermented Teas from Different Origins Using Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometrics

Tung

Hsu

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Partially fermented tea such as oolong tea is a popular drink worldwide. Preventing fraud in partially fermented tea has become imperative to protect producers and consumers from possible economic losses. Visible/near-infrared (VIS/NIR) spectroscopy integrated with stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and support vector machine (SVM) methods were used for origin discrimination of partially fermented tea from Vietnam, China, and different production areas in Taiwan using the full visible NIR wavelength range (400–2498 nm). The SMLR and SVM models achieved satisfactory results. Models using data from chemical constituents’ specific wavelength ranges exhibited a high correlation with the spectra of teas, and the SMLR analyses improved discrimination of the types and origins when performing SVM analyses. The SVM models’ identification accuracies regarding different production areas in Taiwan were effectively enhanced using a combination of the data within specific wavelength ranges of several constituents. The accuracy rates were 100% for the discrimination of types, origins, and production areas of tea in the calibration and prediction sets using the optimal SVM models integrated with the specific wavelength ranges of the constituents in tea. NIR could be an effective tool for rapid, nondestructive, and accurate inspection of types, origins, and production areas of teas.

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Correlation between nitrogen application to tea flushes and quality of green and black teas

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Carbon dioxide assimilation and photosynthetic electron transport of tea leaves under nitrogen deficiency

Carbon dioxide assimilation and photosynthetic electron transport of tea leaves under nitrogen deficiency

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms of Drought-Stress-Induced Decreases in Camellia sinensis Leaf Quality

Quantitative Analysis and Discrimination of Partially Fermented Teas from Different Origins Using Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometrics

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