Correlation between salivary and serum CA15‑3 concentrations in patients with breast cancer

Abstract

The early detection of breast cancer enables the use of less aggressive treatment and increases patient survival. The transmembrane glycoprotein mucin 1, which is also known as cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), is aberrantly glycosylated and overexpressed in a variety of epithelial cancers, and serves a crucial role in the progression of the disease. CA15-3 is currently used as a marker of breast cancer. In the present study, CA15-3 concentrations in saliva and blood of patients with breast cancer were evaluated to test new assays to detect salivary CA15-3 in addition to ELISA and its diagnostic value. To the best of our knowledge, there are no previous reports of the use of chemiluminescence assay (CLIA) and electrochemiluminescence assay (ECLIA) in saliva. Saliva and blood were collected on the same day from patients with breast cancer (n=26) and healthy controls (n=28). For each subject, the level of serum CA15-3 was measured using ECLIA, and the level of salivary CA15-3 was measured using ECLIA, CLIA and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA and CLIA were able to detect CA15-3 in saliva; however, ECLIA could not detect salivary CA15-3. There was no significant difference between the mean serum and salivary CA15-3 levels in patients with breast cancer or healthy controls. The levels of CA15-3 were highest for luminal breast cancer subtypes and stage IV cases. A moderate correlation was observed between salivary and serum CA15-3 levels as measured by ELISA in breast cancer patients (r=0.56; P=0.0047). The results demonstrated that ECLIA was not a good method to detect salivary CA15-3, although it is the gold standard for detecting serum CA15-3. The presence of CA15-3 in saliva was confirmed, and this will be useful in future research. Further investigations are necessary to confirm the ability to detect salivary CA15-3 and its correlation with serum CA15-3.

A salivary biomarker panel to detect liver cirrhosis

“… 18 , 19 Many studies have shown that saliva is useful for the detection of diseases of the oral cavity 20 , 21 , 22 and also for systemic conditions including heart disease, 19 , 23 , 24 type 2 diabetes mellitus, 25 viral infection, 26 , 27 and several types of cancer (breast, lung, ovarian, liver, gastric, and pancreatic). 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 The non-invasive nature of saliva collection leads to excellent patient compliance for testing, rendering saliva to be an ideal diagnostic medium when screening people from socioeconomically disadvantaged communities, patients from rural and isolated regions, and indigenous populations. There is some evidence suggesting that liver function parameters can be evaluated in saliva, 34 and metabolite signatures have been developed to discriminate between healthy individuals and patients with liver cirrhosis or HCC.…”

Point-of-Care Detection of HER2 and CA 15-3 in Breast Cancer Patients: Dual-Channel Biosensor Implementation

“…Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2/erbB2) and CA 15-3 (MUC1) are two commonly used biomarkers in breast cancer detection with enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). [14][15][16] The biomarkers can be detected not only in serum but also in saliva. Numerous studies had been done with saliva samples.…”

“…Numerous studies had been done with saliva samples. 14,[17][18][19][20][21][22] Belonging to a family of four transmembrane receptors, the HER2 actively participates in signal transduction pathways responsible for orchestrating cellular growth and differentiation. An upregulation or amplification of HER2 emerges as a distinctive feature associated with malignancy, signaling an unfavorable prognosis in the context of breast cancer.…”

Prognostic efficacy of platelet/lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in patients with gastric cancer

“…Principalmente varios estudios han investigado la relación plaquetas/ linfocitos (PLR) y la relación neutrófilos / linfocitos (NLR) (6,7,8,9) en varios tipos de cáncer como en el cáncer de próstata, renal, gástrico, etc. El PLR es un cociente entre el número de plaquetas y el de linfocitos.…”

“…Son necesarios equipos específicos para cada método, así como reactivos, implementos de laboratorio y el tiempo en el que se demora en generar resultados. (9) Este estudio tiene como objetivo recopilar y analizar investigaciones referentes al tema, que permita identificar la eficacia pronóstica del PLR y NLR en pacientes con cáncer gástrico, como una nueva herramienta de fácil acceso para diagnóstico y pronóstico médico en el CG.…”