“…Moreover, La 2 Mo 2 O 9−δ is thermodynamically unstable at low oxygen partial pressures (p O2 ) due to the reducibility of Mo 6+ , resulting in the formation of phases with partial n-type conductivity and amorphization [ 4 , 5 ]. To address these issues, several studies have focused on cation substitutions (W [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], Nd [ 6 ], Ca [ 12 ], Ba [ 12 , 13 ], Sr [ 12 , 14 ], Y [ 15 ], Cr [ 7 , 14 ]) for La or Mo (LAMOX family). These substitutions aim to inhibit the phase transition, stabilize the β-phase, and improve the thermomechanical stability [ 16 ].…”