Correlation between structure and properties of annealed electroless Ni–W–P coatings

Liu, H.; Yao, Huai; Thompson, G.E.; Liu, Z.; Harrison, G. F.

doi:10.1179/1743294414y.0000000422

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Better thermal stability is obtained for baths containing 20g/L sodium tungstate. A correlation between the structure of electroless deposited Ni-P-W coating with the hardness and corrosion behavior has been established by Liu et al [37]. It is revealed that with heat treatment of the coatings at a temperature of 300°C or below, the increase in hardness is mainly due to the crystallization of nickel from the amorphous phase and not to Ni 3 P. Peak hardness is obtained for a heat treatment temperature of 400 or 500°C, which can be mainly attributed to the precipitation of Ni 3 P phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…From an extensive review of literature, it seems that the research concerning electroless Ni-P-W coating is mainly directed towards the investigation of surface morphology, microstructure, corrosion resistance, microhardness, wear resistance and friction behavior. The effect of different heat and surface treatments on the same has also been studied, while the tribological behavior has been investigated mostly under dry sliding condition [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Investigation of tribological behavior of EN coatings under lubricated condition is seen to be mostly concentrated around Ni-P binary alloy coatings and its composite variants [13,[14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Wear Behavior of Electroless Ni-P-W Coating under Dry and Lubricated Conditions Using RSM and Fuzzy Logic

Mukhopadhyay¹,

Duari²,

Barman³

et al. 2016

Port. Electrochim. Acta

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The present work aims to investigate and correlate the wear behavior of electroless NiP -W coating under dry and lubricated conditions with the tribological testing parameters. A pin-on-disc configuration test setup is used for the same. Taguchi's orthogonal design of experiments technique is used to carry out the experiments. Both response surface and fuzzy rule based models are seen to be effective in determining the complex interrelationship between the wear depth of the coatings and the test parameters, namely applied normal load, sliding speed and sliding duration. The coefficient of determination for fuzzy logic based predictions is seen to be higher than the regression predicted ones, indicating better modeling capabilities of the artificial intelligence technique. ANOVA results reveal that the wear depth is mostly influenced by sliding speed followed by applied normal load and sliding duration for both dry and lubricated conditions. Coating composition, phase transformation and microstructure studies are undertaken to analyze their effects on the wear behavior. Abrasive wear mechanism is seen to be the predominating under both dry and lubricated condition. The coatings are seen to suffer more wear under dry sliding condition compared to lubricated environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Wear Behavior of Electroless Ni-P-W Coating under Dry and Lubricated Conditions Using RSM and Fuzzy Logic

Mukhopadhyay¹,

Duari²,

Barman³

et al. 2016

Port. Electrochim. Acta

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“…The choice of the third element depends on the application for which the coating is required. Inclusion of Mo or W improves thermal stability of EN coatings, tribological characteristics, and corrosion resistance [14][15][16][17][18]. Inclusion of Cu also leads to an improvement in corrosion resistance [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Tribological Behavior of Electroless Ni–B, Ni–B–Mo, and Ni–B–W Coatings at Room and High Temperatures

et al. 2018

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Ni-B alloys deposited by the electroless method are considered to be hard variants of the electroless nickel family. Inclusion of Mo or W to form ternary alloys improves the thermal stability of electroless nickel coatings. Therefore, in the present work, Ni-B, Ni-B-Mo, and Ni-B-W coatings are deposited; and their tribological behavior at room and high temperatures are investigated. Electroless Ni-B, Ni-B-Mo, and Ni-B-W coatings are deposited on AISI 1040 steel substrates. The coatings are heat treated to improve their mechanical properties and crystallinity. Tribological behavior of the coatings is determined on a pin-on-disc type tribological test setup using various applied normal loads (10-50 N) and sliding speeds (0.25-0.42 m/s) to measure wear and coefficient of friction at different operating temperatures (25 • C-500 • C). Ni-B-W coatings are observed to have higher wear resistance than Ni-B or Ni-B-Mo coatings throughout the temperature range considered. Although for coefficient of friction, no such trend is observed. The worn surface of the coatings at 500 • C is characterized by lubricious oxide glazes, which lead to enhanced tribological behavior compared with that at 100 • C. A study of the coating characteristics such as composition, phase transformations, surface morphology, and microhardness is also carried out prior to tribological tests. Lubricants 2018, 6, 67 2 of 17The Ni-B alloy coating has higher wear resistance and low COF compared with Ni-P alloy [23]. This is attributed to the high hardness, self-lubricating microstructure and columnar growths [24]. Consequently, a reduction in the actual contact area takes place, thereby improving the tribological characteristics [25]. Suitable treatments of Ni-B coatings may even lead to microhardness that is equivalent to chromium [26]. As a result of this, Ni-B coatings are considered to be a suitable alternative to chromium, which has environmental concerns. Friction and wear characteristics of magnesium and aluminium alloys that are widely used commercially could be improved by Ni-B alloy deposition [27]. An improvement of tribological behavior of Ni-B coatings is also achieved on inclusion of W or Mo [28,29]. In fact, co-deposition of nano Al 2 O 3 results in an increase in microhardness bỹ 290 HV 100 [30]. The mass loss and COF of Ni-B-Al 2 O 3 coatings is almost six and two times lower, respectively, in comparison with Ni-B alloy in as-deposited state. Similar results have been also observed on inclusion of B 4 C nano-particles [31]. Impregnation of Ni-B coatings with PTFE (40%) results in a COF as low as <0.1 in non-lubricated, as well as 3.5% NaCl lubricated sliding condition [32]. Electroless Ni-B coatings have been applied in greaseless guns and barrel bores that are subjected to hostile environments proving to be a suitable replacement to chromium [33]. Recent studies have focused attention on duplex and multi-layer coatings that possess intermediate/enhanced tribological characteristics compared with the single layered binary alloys [34,35]....

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“…Akımsız Ni-P kaplamaların sertliği tungsten ilavesi ile arttırılabildiği önceki çalışmalarda bildirilmiştir (H. Liu et al, 2015). Ayrıca çoğu yazar tarafından Ni-W-P kaplamanın Ni-P'den daha iyi bir korozyon direncine sahip olduğu bildirilmektedir.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Akımsız Kaplama Yöntemi ile Üretilen Ni-W-P Çoklu Alaşımların Sertlik ve Aşınma Özelliklerine Sodyum Tungsten İçeriğinin Etkisi

USTA¹,

Gül²

2022

European Journal of Science and Technology

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ÖzAkımsız Nikel esaslı kaplamalar malzemelerin aşınma, sertlik ve korozyon gibi yüzey özelliklerini iyileştirmek için otomotiv, havacılık, savunma ve kimya gibi birçok üretim alanında sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Akımsız kaplamalar birçok sektörde ikili Ni-P ve Ni-B kaplamalar olarak anılmaktadır. Birçok sektördeki bu yaygın kullanım, yüzey mühendisliği alanında çoklu alaşımların ve kompozitlerin üretilmesini ve araştırılmasını popüler hale getirmektedir. Alüminyum ise uygun maliyeti, mükemmel ısı iletkenliği, yüksek mukavemet/ağırlık oranı özelliklerine sahip, geri dönüştürülebilir bir malzeme olması nedeniyle endüstride demirden sonra en çok kullanılan malzemelerden biri olmuştur. Alüminyum alaşımlarının bu iyi özelliklerinin yanında düşük aşınma dayanımları ve düşük sertlikleri endüstrideki bazı kullanım alanlarını sınırlamaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, alüminyum altlık üzerine kimyasal indirgeme yöntemi ile Ni-P kaplama banyosuna farklı oranlarda sodyum tungsten içerikleri eklenerek Ni-W-P kaplamalar üretilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada tungsten oranının kaplamanın mikro yapısına, kaplama kalınlığına, sertliğine ve aşınma özelliklerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla alüminyum alaşımlarının yüzey özelliklerini geliştirmek için bazik hipofosfit banyosu kullanılarak 40, 60, 80 g/L sodyum tungsten içeren Nikel esaslı çoklu alaşım kaplamalar alüminyum altlık yüzeyine indirgenmiştir. Optimum sodyum tungsten oranı yapılan karakterizasyonlar sonunda tespit edilmiştir. Üretilen kaplamaların mikro yapı görüntülerinin incelenmesi için Alan Emisyonlu Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (FE-SEM), faz yapılarını belirlemek için X-ışını kırınım (XRD) analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üretilen kaplamaların sertliklerini tespit etmek için mikro sertlik ölçümleri gerçekleştirilirken, aşınma dayanımı ve sürtünme özelliklerini incelemek için ise lineer (reciprocating) aşınma testi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Akımsız kaplama yöntemi ile elde edilen çoklu alaşım kaplamaların karakterizasyon işlemleri sonrası sertlik değerlerinin 525 HV'den 645 HV'ye kadar arttığı görülmüştür. Sürtünme katsayısı ise 40 g/L sodyum tungsten içeren kaplamalarda 0,45 µ değerindeyken, 60 g/L'de bu değer 0,15 µ'a kadar düşmüştür. Ayrıca, aşınma oranı değerleri karşılaştırıldığında ise aşınma dayanımında ise yaklaşık 1.25 katlık bir artış söz konusu olmuştur.

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Correlation between structure and properties of annealed electroless Ni–W–P coatings

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Investigation of Wear Behavior of Electroless Ni-P-W Coating under Dry and Lubricated Conditions Using RSM and Fuzzy Logic

Investigation of Wear Behavior of Electroless Ni-P-W Coating under Dry and Lubricated Conditions Using RSM and Fuzzy Logic

Comparative Study of Tribological Behavior of Electroless Ni–B, Ni–B–Mo, and Ni–B–W Coatings at Room and High Temperatures

Akımsız Kaplama Yöntemi ile Üretilen Ni-W-P Çoklu Alaşımların Sertlik ve Aşınma Özelliklerine Sodyum Tungsten İçeriğinin Etkisi

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