Correlation Between Surfactants and Heavy Metals in a Natural Lake

Surfactants in the sea-surface microlayer and sub-surface water at estuarine locations: Their concentration, distribution, enrichment, and relation to physicochemical characteristics

“…By contrast, in Malaysia, surfactants recorded at the study sites may reflect local discharge and biological activities. Atmospheric deposition may represent another possible input that affects the distribution of surfactants (Hanif et al, 2009;Latif and Brimblecombe, 2004;Latif et al, 2011Latif et al, , 2012Mustaffa et al, 2014;Razak et al, 2012;Roslan et al, 2010), so further investigation of atmospheric surfactant levels may be useful.…”

“…These surfactants enter into the environment through the discharge of sewage effluents (Becagli et al, 2011;Schramm et al, 2003;Ying, 2006) and can increase the solubility of organic/inorganic matter (e.g., pollutants) in water systems, reduce water quality, and cause eutrophication, thereby endangering planktonic species (Castro et al, 2005;Comber et al, 1993;Razak et al, 2012;Wurl and Obbard, 2004;Ying, 2006). Recent studies have shown that surfactants are an important subgroup of anthropogenic pollutants in the SML, and might pose a higher threat to the biota in the SML than pollutants in the sub-surface water (SSW) Razak et al, 2012;Roslan et al, 2010).…”

Monsoonal variations in atmospheric surfactants at different coastal areas of the Malaysian Peninsula

“…The filter papers were initially cut into one cm 2 pieces and put into a centrifuge tube. About 40 mL of ultrapure water was added to the samples before they were sonicated for 45 min, as undertaken by Razak et al (2013); Wahid et al (2013) and Jaafar et al (2014). The ultra-pure water had a resistivity of b .2MΩm and was prepared using an Arium 611DI deionised water system (Sartorius, Germany).…”

Surfactants in sediment of Itanhaém Estuary, São Paulo, Brazil

“…Surfactant concentrations can be high along shorelines due to contributions of waste and runoff water resulting from urbanization (Stortini et al, 2009). Surfactants enter the environment through the discharge of sewage effluents (Becagli et al, 2011) and can increase the solubility of OM/inorganic matter (e.g., pollutants) in water systems, reducing water quality and causing eutrophication, which can influence plankton (Huang et al, 2015;Razak et al, 2012). Recent studies have shown that surfactants are a significant subset of anthropogenic pollutants in water and sediment and can pose significant threats to the aquatic biota (Alsalahi et al, 2014;Huang et al, 2015).…”

“…The concentration of surfactants in the environment can determine the fate of chemicals in the water and contribute to the surfactant concentration in marine aerosols through bubble burst processes (Alsalahi et al, 2014;Becagli et al, 2011). Alkylbenzene sulfonate appeared in the 1940s, when it was widely accepted by the detergent market due to its superior performance over soap, and subsequently became consumed on a large scale worldwide (Razak et al, 2012). The most widely used surfactant anionics are linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LASs) and fatty alcohol ethoxylates and sulfates (Scott & Jones, 2000).…”