Correlation between Surgeon's Experience, Surgery Complexity and the Alteration of Stress Related Physiological Parameters

Abstract

IntroductionIn the present work we analyzed the hormonal (salivary Cortisol; sC), immune (salivary Immunoglobulin A; sIgA) and cardiovascular (Heart rate, HR, and systolic blood pressure, SBP) responses induced by stress conditions in oral surgeons, randomly recruited according to their expertise level.Materials and methodsEach surgeon performed three different surgical procedures with increasing degrees of technical difficulty and under time-limited conditions, to assess whether these variants may influence the risks of stress-induced secondary hypertension among the involved health professionals. sC and sIgA samples and cardiovascular function measurements were taken up before, during, and two hours after every surgery. Salivary samples and cardiovascular measurements were taken also during non-surgical days, as baseline controls.ResultsWe observed that more experienced surgeons showed a higher stress management ability compared to those with less experience or, generally, younger, which are more exposed to the risks of developing secondary hypertension. Nevertheless, indipendently of sex and experience, oral surgeons are constantly exposed to high risks of developing stress-related diseases.ConclusionsOn the basis of the issues addressed and the results obtained, we have highlighted the importance of the investigated stress biomarkers to monitor and to prevent stress-related pathologies among oral surgeons. This approach is aimed to emphasize the significance of these specific stress-biomarkers, which represent a powerful instrument to evaluate stress levels in oral surgeons, and that may help to reduce the most severe life-threatening risks to which they are daily exposed. In conclusion, final goal of this study is to suggest an useful guideline to monitor the stress levels of oral and maxillofacial surgeons in order to improve their quality of life, which is inevitably reflected on the quality of the performances provided and, finally, to prevent possible mistakes in their daily activities.

Management of Uncommon Secondary Trigeminal neuralgia related to a rare Arnold Chiari type I malformation

“…19 Several risk factors should be also avoided in TN, as some factors could be involved in the processes of cytopathic hypoxia and of cellular oxidative stress. [20][21][22][23] Finally, the diagnosis must even consider, and exclude, oncological issues, 24,25 syndromic conditions especially those related to oral and maxillofacial regions, 26 or micro-and macro-trauma, eventually treated with traditional or innovative autologous scaffolds.…”

Salivary Biomarkers in Psychological Stress Diagnosis

“…The stress biomarkers are very important to monitor and prevent stress-related pathologies and in the evaluation of behavioral strategies [1][2][3][4].…”

“…Marrelli and collaborators (2014) emphasized the significance of these specific stress-biomarkers, which represent a powerful instrument to evaluate stress levels and that may help to reduce stress diseases and other pathologies and have a preventive effect in order to improve their quality of life [4]. The biomarkers used in the assessment of mental stress includes: -cortisol, which reflects hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity; -α-amylase, which represents the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS); -proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1b, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a), which are related to innate immunity; -catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) are synthesized and released by noradrenergic neurons (biomarkers are measured in blood) [4,7,20].…”

“…The biomarkers used in the assessment of mental stress includes: -cortisol, which reflects hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity; -α-amylase, which represents the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS); -proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1b, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a), which are related to innate immunity; -catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) are synthesized and released by noradrenergic neurons (biomarkers are measured in blood) [4,7,20].…”

“…It is crucial to monitor such biomarkers to prevent diseases, stress-related pathologies, to evaluate behavioral strategies or treatments and improve the quality of life in patients. The stress biomarkers are very important to monitor and to prevent [1][2][3][4].…”