Correlation between the Elastase Activity Index and Invasiveness of Clinical Isolates of<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>

Blanco, José Luis Santiago; Hontecillas, Raquel; Bouza, Emilio; Blanco, Isabel Arquero; Peláez, Teresa; Muñóz, Patricia; Perez-Molina, José A.; García, Marta E.

doi:10.1128/jcm.40.5.1811-1813.2002

Cited by 71 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Furthermore, when the dead murine pulmonary tissue was examined, it was found that elastase-producing strains had broadly invaded the tissue more than non-elastase-producing strains. Monod et al (1991) reported a similar result with an alkaline protease-deficient mutant, and Blanco et al (2002) presented results on the participation of elastase in pathogenicity. As lung tissue contains large amounts of elastin, we focused on elastase as a factor of infection.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Protease Inhibitorssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Elastase-producing strains destroy lung tissue (Kothary et al, 1984;Reichard et al, 1990), and an elastase produced by Aspergillus has been confirmed as a virulence factor of aspergillosis (Blanco et al, 2002). We have previously studied and reported the pathogenicity of elastase produced by A. flavus in mice immunocompromised with cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, prednisolone and carrageenan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochemical properties and primary structure of elastase inhibitor AFUEI from Aspergillus fumigatus

Okumura

Matsui

Ogawa

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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An elastase inhibitor from Aspergillus fumigatus (AFUEI) was isolated, and its biochemical properties and primary structure examined. The inhibitor was purified by column chromatography using DE52 cellulose and Sephadex G-75, and was found to be homogeneous as indicated by a single band following discontinuous PAGE and SDS-PAGE. A molecular mass of 7525.1 Da was observed by matrix-assisted desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. The elastolytic activity of elastases from A. fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and human leukocytes was inhibited by AFUEI. However, the elastolytic activity of porcine pancreas elastase, Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase and elastase from snake venom was not affected by AFUEI. No inhibitory effect of DTT or 2-mercaptoethanol on the elastase inhibitory activity of AFUEI was observed. The amino acid sequence of AFUEI peptides derived from digests utilizing clostripain was determined by Edman sequencing. AFUEI was composed of 68 aa and had a calculated molecular mass of 7526.2 Da. The search for amino acid homology with other proteins demonstrated that aa 1-68 of AFUEI are 100 % identical to aa 20-87 of the hypothetical protein AFUA 3G14940 of A. fumigatus.

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Section: Comparison With Other Protease Inhibitorssupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical properties and primary structure of elastase inhibitor AFUEI from Aspergillus fumigatus

Okumura

Matsui

Ogawa

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Two good examples of this are: (1) the evolution of thermostable ribosomes and heatshock proteins enabling appropriate protein translation at elevated temperatures, even up to 55 -70˚C in self-heating compost heaps (Nierman et al 2005), and (2) the evolution of elastases and other proteases, capable of hydrolyzing protein components of the compost heap for amino acid assimilation and hydrolyzing elastin proteins in the host's lung tissue, increasing pathogenicity (Blanco et al 2002).…”

Section: Aspergillus Fumigatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Pathogens: Survival and Replication within Macrophages

Gilbert¹,

Wheeler²,

May³

2014

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

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The innate immune system is a critical line of defense against pathogenic fungi. Macrophages act at an early stage of infection, detecting and phagocytizing infectious propagules. To avoid killing at this stage, fungal pathogens use diverse strategies ranging from evasion of uptake to intracellular parasitism. This article will discuss five of the most important human fungal pathogens (Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, Coccidiodes immitis, and Histoplasma capsulatum) and consider the strategies and virulence factors adopted by each to survive and replicate within macrophages. Macrophages are phagocytic immune cells, derived from monocyte differentiation, and are involved in the first line of defense during microbial invasion. They recognize, engulf, and destroy foreign bodies, such as pathogenic organisms before then presenting antigen to coordinate subsequent adaptive immunity (Fig. 1). Macrophages are found in almost all tissues and are particularly abundant at mucosal surfaces in which pathogen exposure is naturally higher, such as the alveoli. They are able to engulf particles ranging from 0.5 mm (such as bacteria) to .5 mm (such as yeast), although an upper size limit does exist (Chen et al. 1997;Krombach et al. 1997;Kinchen and Ravichandran 2008).Macrophages express a wide range of different receptors able to detect nonself particles. These receptors can be split into two groups: opsonic and nonopsonic. Opsonic receptors, such as the Fc receptor or complement receptor families (Flannagan et al. 2012), are able to recognize particles coated (opsonized) in antibody or complement (Johnston and May 2013). In contrast, nonopsonic receptors are pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that directly detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the surface of microorganisms. Macrophages are heterogeneous in the receptors they express, and can change this repertoire when differentiating into different subtypes. For instance, the nonopsonic Dectin-1 receptor Once engulfment has been achieved, the macrophage must then digest the pathogen, now segregated into a phagosome (digesting vesicle). To complete the digestion, the phagosome must mature via the fusion of early and late stage endosomes and ultimately fuse with the lysosome, generating a phagolysosome (Kinchen and Ravichandran 2008). The phagolysosome uses vacuolar ATPases to pump H þ ions into the phagolysosome, reducing the pH. Once the pH is reduced sufficiently, acid-dependent proteases, such as cathepsin D, are activated to degrade the pathogen (Fig. 1) (Kinchen and Ravichandran 2008).Many human fungal pathogens have developed strategies to resist phagocytic attack, thus facilitating pathogenicity. The field of fungal research has exploded over the last three decades because of the increase in fungal-related illnesses that appears to correlate with the AIDS pandemic and more effective immunosuppressive medicines . Macrophages have been shown to play a role in resistance to disseminated candidiasis, although they are ...

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“…The formation of proteolytic halo clear zone around colony is a positive result of elastase production. 51 Elastase-producing strains were selected for quantitative assay as determined by diazocoupling method, 52 using succinyl-l-alanyl-l-alanyl-l-alanyl-p-nitroanilide (STANA) (Sigma) as a substrate and measuring p-nitroanilide (p-NA) released from STANA. One unit of elastase is defined as the amount of p-NA released from STANA at 1 min.…”

Section: Elastase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesized zinc peroxide nanoparticles (ZnO<sub>2</sub>-NPs): a novel antimicrobial, anti-elastase, anti-keratinase, and anti-inflammatory approach toward polymicrobial burn wounds

Ali¹,

Morsy²,

El-Zawawy³

et al. 2017

IJN

121

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Increasing of multidrug resistance (MDR) remains an intractable challenge for burn patients. Innovative nanomaterials are also in high demand for the development of new antimicrobial biomaterials that inevitably have opened new therapeutic horizons in medical approaches and lead to many efforts for synthesizing new metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) for better control of the MDR associated with the polymicrobial burn wounds. Recently, it seems that metal oxides can truly be considered as highly efficient inorganic agents with antimicrobial properties. In this study, zinc peroxide NPs (ZnO 2 -NPs) were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. Synthesized ZnO 2 -NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The characterization techniques revealed synthesis of the pure phase of non-agglomerated ZnO 2 -NPs having sizes in the range of 15–25 nm with a transition temperature of 211°C. Antimicrobial activity of ZnO 2 -NPs was determined against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Aspergillus niger (AN) strains isolated from burn wound infections. Both strains, PA6 and AN4, were found to be more susceptible strains to ZnO 2 -NPs. In addition, a significant decrease in elastase and keratinase activities was recorded with increased concentrations of ZnO 2 -NPs until 200 µg/mL. ZnO 2 -NPs revealed a significant anti-inflammatory activity against PA6 and AN4 strains as demonstrated by membrane stabilization, albumin denaturation, and proteinase inhibition. Moreover, the results of in vivo histopathology assessment confirmed the potential role of ZnO 2 -NPs in the improvement of skin wound healing in the experimental animal models. Clearly, the synthesized ZnO 2 -NPs have demonstrated a competitive capability as antimicrobial, anti-elastase, anti-keratinase, and anti-inflammatory candidates, suggesting that the ZnO 2 -NPs are promising metal oxides that are potentially valued for biomedical applications.

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Correlation between the Elastase Activity Index and Invasiveness of Clinical Isolates ofAspergillus fumigatus

Cited by 71 publications

References 16 publications

Biochemical properties and primary structure of elastase inhibitor AFUEI from Aspergillus fumigatus

Biochemical properties and primary structure of elastase inhibitor AFUEI from Aspergillus fumigatus

Fungal Pathogens: Survival and Replication within Macrophages

Synthesized zinc peroxide nanoparticles (ZnO<sub>2</sub>-NPs): a novel antimicrobial, anti-elastase, anti-keratinase, and anti-inflammatory approach toward polymicrobial burn wounds

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