Correlation between the Indium Tin Oxide morphology and the performances of polymer light-emitting diodes

Wantz, Guillaume; Hirsch, Lionel; Huby, Nolwenn; Vignau, Laurence; Silvain, Jean François; Barrière, A.S.; Parneix, J. P.

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2005.03.022

Cited by 47 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, they did not observe a major shift in the threshold voltage. The main difference in the surfaceroughness effect between these [24,25] and our present work lies in a large threshold-voltage shift, which may be attributed to the difference of single-layer and double -layer OLEDs.…”

Section: (C) Optical Transmittancecontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…In addition, for ITO deposited in O 2 and at 12 cm, the OLED shows a remarkable improvement with a reduced threshold voltage (-3.7 V), a higher rate of charge injection, a wider operating voltage range (+ 1.7 V) and hence an enhanced maximum brightness (+ 74 %). Wantz et al [24] and Li et al [25] reported that increasing the ITO surface roughness, by diluted aquaregia surface treatment, could greatly enhance their bi-layer OLED brightness although the lifetime was not investigated. They attributed the surface roughness effect to an increase of the anodic contact surface area and unevenness in enhancing the hole injection from the ITO layer into the hole transport layer.…”

Section: (C) Optical Transmittancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Parametric Studies of Pulsed Laser Deposition of Indium Tin Oxide and Ultra-thin Diamond-like Carbon for Organic Light-emitting Devices

Tou¹,

Yong²,

Yap³

et al. 2009

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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Device quality indium tin oxide (ITO) films are deposited on glass substrates and ultra-thin diamond-like carbon films are deposited as a buffer layer on ITO by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 355 nm and 532 nm wavelength. ITO films deposited at room temperature are largely amorphous although their optical transmittances in the visible range are > 90%. The resistivity of their amorphous ITO films is too high to enable an efficient organic light-emitting device (OLED), in contrast to that deposited by a KrF laser. Substrate heating at 200℃ with laser wavelength of 355 nm, the ITO film resistivity decreases by almost an order of magnitude to 2×10 -4 Ω cm while its optical transmittance is maintained at > 90%. The thermally induced crystallization of ITO has a preferred <111> directional orientation texture which largely accounts for the lowering of film resistivity. The background gas and deposition distance, that between the ITO target and the glass substrate, influence the thin-film microstructures. The optical and electrical properties are compared to published results using other nanosecond lasers and other fluence, as well as the use of ultra fast lasers.Molecularly doped, single-layer OLEDs of ITO/(PVK+TPD+Alq3)/Al which are fabricated using pulsed-laser deposited ITO samples are compared to those fabricated using the commercial ITO. Effects such as surface texture and roughness of ITO and the insertion of DLC as a buffer layer into ITO/DLC/(PVK+TPD+Alq3)/Al devices are investigated. The effects of DLC-on-ITO on OLED improvement such as better turn-on voltage and brightness are explained by a possible reduction of energy barrier to the hole injection from ITO into the light-emitting layer.

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Section: (C) Optical Transmittancecontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: (C) Optical Transmittancementioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Studies of Pulsed Laser Deposition of Indium Tin Oxide and Ultra-thin Diamond-like Carbon for Organic Light-emitting Devices

Tou¹,

Yong²,

Yap³

et al. 2009

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, they did not observe a major shift in the threshold voltage. The main difference in the surface-roughness effect between these 25,26 and our present work lies in a large threshold-voltage shift, which may be attributed to the difference of single-layer and double-layer OLEDs.…”

Section: (B) Microstructurescontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…higher rate of charge injection, a wider operating voltage range (+1.7 V) and hence an enhanced maximum brightness (+74 %). Wantz et al 25 and Li et al 26 reported that increasing the ITO surface roughness, by diluted aquaregia surface treatment, could greatly enhance their bi-layer OLED brightness although the lifetime was not investigated. They attributed the surface roughness effect to an increase of the anodic contact surface area and unevenness in enhancing the hole injection from the ITO layer into the hole transport layer.…”

Section: (B) Microstructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Studies of Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Deposition of ITO for OLED Application

Yong

Yap

Tou

2008

The Review of Laser Engineering

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Device-quality ITO by pulsed Nd:YAG laser, successfully used for Organic Light Emitting Device (OLED), was deposited at room temperature and 250 o C. Although the optical transmittance of > 90% is achieved in the visible range, the ITO film resistivity is too high to enable an efficient OLED, as compared to that reported for KrF laser deposited ITO. At 250 and laser wavelength of 355 nm, the ITO film resistivity decreased by 10x to 2 × 10 -4Ωcm while its optical transmittance was > 90 %. For PET, the heating temperature was limited to o C and hence the ITO resistivity could only be decreased by a factor of 2 to 5 × 10 -4Ωcm. The thermally induced crystallization of ITO, which has a preferred <111> directional orientation texture, largely accounts for lowering of its film resistivity. The OLED was based on simple device structure of ITO/(PVK+TPD+Alq 3 )/Al, which output brightness was compared to that fabricated on the commercial ITO. Effet of an ultra-thin diamond-like carbon (DLC) layer in the OLED was investigated.

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“…It also smoothes the ITO surface and therefore prevents any possible short circuits due to the ITO spikes. [82] The further device elaboration steps and characterizations were carried out under an inert atmosphere (N 2 ) inside a glove box system. Then the emissive layer was spin-coated on top of the PEDOT-PSS layer at 1000 rpm from a xylene solution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue Emitting 3 π–2 Spiro Terfluorene–Indenofluorene Isomers: A Structure–Properties Relationship Study

Poriel

Rault‐Berthelot

Thirion

et al. 2011

Chemistry A European J

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Two novel terfluorenyl derivatives, 2,2'',7,7''-tetrakis(9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)dispiro[fluorene-9,11'-indeno-(2,1-a)-fluorene-12',9''-fluorene] ((2,1-a)-DST-IF) and 2,2'',7,7''-tetrakis(9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)dispiro- [fluorene-9,6'-indeno-(1,2-b)-fluorene-12',9''-fluorene] ((1,2-b)-DST-IF) have been synthesized by two different synthetic approaches. These terfluorenyl derivatives possess a different central indenofluorene core, namely (2,1-a)-indenofluorene or (1,2-b)-indenofluorene, which imposes two distinct geometry profiles, and different structural environments for the terfluorenyl fluorophores that translates into drastically different optical and electrochemical properties for (2,1-a)-DST-IF and (1,2-b)-DST-IF. These properties have been carefully studied through a combined experimental and theoretical approach. The (2,1-a)-DST-IF isomer has been successfully used as emitting layer in a blue single-layer small-molecule organic light-emitting diode (SMOLED) and appears as the first example of a blue emission arising from intramolecular terfluorenyl excimers. Regarding the importance of terfluorenyl derivatives in organic electronics, the present structure-properties relationship study, may open new avenues in the design of efficient blue fluorophores.

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Correlation between the Indium Tin Oxide morphology and the performances of polymer light-emitting diodes

Cited by 47 publications

References 25 publications

Parametric Studies of Pulsed Laser Deposition of Indium Tin Oxide and Ultra-thin Diamond-like Carbon for Organic Light-emitting Devices

Parametric Studies of Pulsed Laser Deposition of Indium Tin Oxide and Ultra-thin Diamond-like Carbon for Organic Light-emitting Devices

Parametric Studies of Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Deposition of ITO for OLED Application

Blue Emitting 3 π–2 Spiro Terfluorene–Indenofluorene Isomers: A Structure–Properties Relationship Study

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