Thermodegradation behaviors of novel aluminum phosphate/cyanate ester (AlPO 4 (KH550)/CE) composites were studied in detail. Results show that thermodegradation behaviors and kinetic parameters of AlPO 4 (KH550)/CE composites are greatly dependent on the AlPO 4 (KH550) loading. The addition of AlPO 4 (KH550) into CE resin changes the thermodegradation mechanism (mainly at the temperature lower than 450 C) and degradation process from two steps to three steps. Comparing with CE resin, AlPO 4 (KH550)/CE composites have lower initial degradation temperature and greatly higher char yield. Besides, for each thermodegradation step, the more the AlPO 4 content, the smaller the activation energy value is. All reasons leading to these outcomes are investigated intensively.