Correlation, dispersal, and preservation of the Kawakawa Tephra and other late Quaternary tephra layers in the Southwest Pacific Ocean

Carter, Lionel; Nelson, Campbell S.; Neil, Helen L; Froggatt, P. C.

doi:10.1080/00288306.1995.9514637

Cited by 96 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…and confirmation of its age at 14 700 ± 95 14 C yr BP, provides further scope for its application as a critical marker bed at the end of the last cold stage in both terrestrial and marine environments (e.g., Stewart & Neall 1984;Newnham et al 1989;Carter et al 1995).…”

Section: Some Important Tephra Markersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Stratigraphy and chronology of a 15 ka sequence of multi‐sourced silicic tephras in a montane peat bog, eastern North Island, New Zealand

Lowe¹,

Newnham²,

Ward³

1999

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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Section: Some Important Tephra Markersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Stratigraphy and chronology of a 15 ka sequence of multi‐sourced silicic tephras in a montane peat bog, eastern North Island, New Zealand

Lowe¹,

Newnham²,

Ward³

1999

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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“…The narrowness and general north-south orientation of the North Island, the dominant strong winds of the Roaring Forties, and the highly explosive nature of the prevailing plinian and ignimbrite-forming eruptions, dispersed ash widely offshore (Ninkovich 1968;Watkins & Huang 1977;Froggatt et al 1986;Carter et al 1995;Shane et al 1996). However, a few tephra spread to the west of New Zealand Nelson et al 1986;Shane 2000).…”

Section: Environmental Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even without microscopic and dispersed tephra (e.g., Weedon & Hall 2004), the macroscopic deposits still make up c. 6% of the 219 m thick, late Cenozoic section, attesting to the local significance of volcanic fallout to the oceanic sediment budget. Tephra layers are fewer and thinner at the other sites because of their greater distances from the sources, or their location outside the prevailing dispersal path (e.g., Watkins & Huang 1977;Carter et al 1995). Cores from Chatham Rise, which sits south and east of the main dispersal path, recovered 63 mid-Miocene and younger tephra layers at Site 1123, and 62 tephra units from late Miocene-Recent sediments at Site 1125.…”

Section: General Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, we acknowledge the restricted distribution of the cores. With exception of late Quaternary tephra, which have been sampled and identified in >70 piston and gravity cores (e.g., Lewis & Kohn 1973;Watkins & Huang 1977;Kohn & Glasby 1978;Froggatt et al 1986;Barnes & Shane 1992;Pillans & Wright 1992;Shane & Froggatt 1992;Carter et al 1995), the sampling of older tephras is restricted to a relatively few ODP and DSDP cores. Nevertheless, this restricted database is still instructive.…”

Section: Ash Dispersal and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep‐ocean record of major late Cenozoic rhyolitic eruptions from New Zealand

Carter

Alloway

Shane

et al. 2004

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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A 12 m.y. record of large rhyolitic eruptions from the Coromandel (CVZ) and Taupo (TVZ) Volcanic Zones of New Zealand is contained in cores retrieved by Leg 181 of the Ocean Drilling Program. Site 1124, located 670 km from the TVZ, has a maximum of 134 macroscopic tephra layers with a total thickness of 13.18 m. These units, along with between 7 and 63 tephras from 3 other sites, were dated by a combination of magnetostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, isothermal plateau fission track determinations, and geochemical correlation with onshore tephra deposits. Additional time control for the last 3 m.y. came from an orbitally tuned, benthic, oxygen isotope profile for Site 1123.Results extend the incomplete terrestrial record of volcanism by placing the first major rhyolitic eruption in the CVZ at c. 12 Ma, c. 1.6-1 m.y. earlier than previously known. Tephras became thicker and more frequent from the late Miocene into the Quaternary-a trend that probably reflected (1) more frequent and intense volcanism and (2) reduced distances between sources and depositional sites on the evolving Australian/Pacific plate system. The passage from CVZ to Quaternary TVZ occurred without a major hiatus in activity, suggesting the transition was gradational. The ensuing TVZ volcanism was more continuous than known previously from the onshore geology. Ash dispersal was primarily eastward, highlighting the dominance of westerly winds since the middle Miocene. Nevertheless, variations in dispersal patterns suggest periodic changes in wind direction/speed and/or ejection of ash beyond the Roaring Forties.

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“…Evidence for enhanced ocean upwelling east of New Zealand (Fenner et al, 1992;Weaver et al, 1998) and maxima in dust flux (Thiede, 1979;Stewart and Neall, 1984;Carter et al, 1995) have generally been attributed to persistent and strong westerly flow during the LGM (e.g. Markgraf et al, 1992;Shulmeister et al, 2004).…”

Section: Glaciological Setting: New Zealandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synoptic climate change as a driver of late Quaternary glaciations in the mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere

Rother

Shulmeister

2006

Clim. Past

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Abstract. The relative timing of late Quaternary glacial advances in mid-latitude (40-55 • S) mountain belts of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) has become a critical focus in the debate on global climate teleconnections. On the basis of glacial data from New Zealand (NZ) and southern South America it has been argued that interhemispheric synchrony or asynchrony of Quaternary glacial events is due to Northern Hemisphere (NH) forcing of SH climate through either the ocean or atmosphere systems. Here we present a glacial snow-mass balance model that demonstrates that large scale glaciation in the temperate and hyperhumid Southern Alps of New Zealand can be generated with moderate cooling. This is because the rapid conversion of precipitation from rainfall to snowfall drives massive ice accumulation at small thermal changes (1-4 • C). Our model is consistent with recent paleo-environmental reconstructions showing that glacial advances in New Zealand during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Last Glacial Interglacial Transition (LGIT) occurred under very moderate cooling. We suggest that such moderate cooling could be generated by changes in synoptic climatology, specifically through enhanced regional flow of moist westerly air masses. Our results imply that NH climate forcing may not have been the exclusive driver of Quaternary glaciations in New Zealand and that synoptic style climate variations are a better explanation for at least some late Quaternary glacial events, in particular during the LGIT (e.g. Younger Dryas and/or Antarctic Cold Reversal).

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Correlation, dispersal, and preservation of the Kawakawa Tephra and other late Quaternary tephra layers in the Southwest Pacific Ocean

Abstract: Voluminous rhyolitic eruptions and prevailing westerly winds have dispersed late Quaternary ash from the Taupo Volcanic Zone

Cited by 96 publications

References 55 publications

Stratigraphy and chronology of a 15 ka sequence of multi‐sourced silicic tephras in a montane peat bog, eastern North Island, New Zealand

Stratigraphy and chronology of a 15 ka sequence of multi‐sourced silicic tephras in a montane peat bog, eastern North Island, New Zealand

Deep‐ocean record of major late Cenozoic rhyolitic eruptions from New Zealand

Synoptic climate change as a driver of late Quaternary glaciations in the mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere

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