Correlation of Chemical Compositions of Cassava Varieties to Their Resistance to Prostephanus truncatus Horn (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

Abstract

The preference of cassava as a major host by Prostephanus truncatus Horn is a major constraint to ample production of cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz and storage. This study analyzed the nutritional and secondary metabolite compositions in 15 cassava varieties, evaluated levels of damage and reproduction by P. truncatus, and assessed their resistance to attack. One hundred grams of dried cassava chips in 250-ml Kilner jars were infested with 10 adult larger grain borerof 0–10 days old and held for 3 months. The nutritional and secondary metabolites compositions of the dry cassava chips were determined using the method of Association of Analytical Chemists . Chip perforation rates in the cassava varieties ranged from 17.7 to 71.6%. The weight of cassava powder varied by about threefold. The final number of larger grain borer in the cassava varieties varied by about sixfold with 63 in 01/0040 and 379 in 01/1368. Hydrocyanic acid content content varied by over 10-fold and correlated negatively with number of larger grain borer. Flavonoid content varied by ∼10%. Tannins and saponin content of the cassava negatively correlated with number of adult P. truncatus. The cassava varieties 95/0166, 92/0326, 01/0040, 05/0024, and 34 91934 had selection index <0.8 and were classified as resistant to larger grain borer damage, while others with selection index >0.8 were classified as susceptible. The resistance to high damage in the resistant varieties was conferred by secondary metabolites such as tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and hydrocyanic acid content. The genetic variation in cassava varieties could be explored to breed resistant cassava varieties for use in larger grain borer-endemic areas.

Overexpression of leucoanthocyanidin reductase or anthocyanidin reductase elevates tannins content and confers cassava resistance to two-spotted spider mite

“…Several studies had illustrated that metabolites such as flavonoids ( Gazola et al, 2019 ; Yang et al, 2020 ), phenylpropanoid ( Yang et al, 2019 ) and total tannin ( Osipitan et al, 2015 ) were responsible for cassava resistance to insect or mite species. However, there was a lack of further step to excavate and validate the specific compounds that definitely possessed bioactivity.…”

Ethnopharmacological values of cassava and its potential for diabetes and dyslipidaemia management: knowledge survey and critical review of report

“…It is also important to acknowledge that treatment of snake bites with plants has been unquestionable in the science domain, especially if there is evidence of metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, or tannins [ 45 , 46 ]. Therefore, identification of cassava, which has alkaloids, flavonoid glycosides and tannins among others [ 7 , 9 ], being used to treat scorpion or snake bite in this community and reportedly used in India and Papua New Guinea is in tandem intercultural ethnopharmacology. However, to our knowledge and as indicated in our results, it has been scarcely known that medicinal value of cassava includes anti-venom properties.…”

“…Cassava has been known to contain alkaloids [ 7 , 8 ], as well as possessing cyanogenic and flavonoid glycosides [ 9 ]. It is also known that flavonoids have antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects [ 10 - 12 ], while glycosides are potent for heart disease [ 13 ].…”

“…This overshadows the potential that cassava can lower cholesterol level in diabetes patients who may be at risk of metabolic syndrome [ 28 ]. Yet, it is known that cassava contains alkaloids and flavonoid glycosides with medicinal values [ 7 , 9 ], as well as fiber [ 24 ], which can be translated for medical nutrition therapy management of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications including heart disease [ 10 ]. These anti- and pro-diabetes potential translations can easily be demonstrated as exemplified in the flow format, viz:…”

Antioxidant, starch-digesting enzymes inhibitory, and pasting properties of elite yellow-fleshed cassava genotypes

“…Also, Sugiura et al (2015) reported that consuming carotenoids-rich diets could protect against developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Aside from the carotenoids in yellow-fleshed cassava, cassava flour also contains phenolic compounds (Irondi et al, 2019;Adefegha et al, 2021), flavonoid glycosides, alkaloids (Osipitan et al, 2015;Pinto-Zevallos et al, 2016), and fiber (Nwose et al, 2017); all of which are prominent for their health benefits. Most of the existing reports on these bioactive constituents, aside carotenoids, were on white-fleshed cassava root and its traditional products, leaving the bioactive components and bioactivities of yellowfleshed cassava genotypes under-reported.…”