Correlation of cognitive and masticatory function in Alzheimer’s disease

Campos, Camila Heitor; Ribeiro, Giselle Rodrigues; Costa, José Luiz Riani; Garcia, Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues

doi:10.1007/s00784-016-1923-z

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This finding may be explained by differences between urban and rural lifestyles, availability of medical resources and convenience of medical access [ 3 , 40 ]. Patients with AD also exhibit impairments in chewing function due to progressive neurodegeneration, increasing the risk of periodontal problems [ 41 , 42 ]. Hence, proper dental care and oral rehabilitation are necessary to improve masticatory function in this patient population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between chronic periodontitis and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a retrospective, population-based, matched-cohort study

2017

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BackgroundAlthough recent short-term cross-sectional studies have revealed that chronic periodontitis (CP) may be a risk factor for increased cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), systematic reviews and long-term longitudinal studies have provided less clear evidence regarding the relationship between CP and AD. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan to determine whether patients with CP are at increased risk of developing AD.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective matched-cohort study using the NHIRD of Taiwan. We identified 9291 patients newly diagnosed with CP between 1997 and 2004. A total of 18,672 patients without CP were matched to the patient cohort according to sex, age, index year, co-morbidity and urbanisation level. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to evaluate the subsequent risk of AD.ResultsPatients with CP had a higher prevalence of hyperlipidaemia, depression, traumatic brain injury and co-morbidities, as well as higher urbanisation levels, than those in the unexposed cohort (all p < 0.01). At the final follow-up, totals of 115 (1.24%) and 208 (1.11%) individuals in the CP exposed and unexposed groups, respectively, had developed AD. Patients with 10 years of CP exposure exhibited a higher risk of developing AD than unexposed groups (adjusted HR 1.707, 95% CI 1.152–2.528, p = 0.0077).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that 10-year CP exposure was associated with a 1.707-fold increase in the risk of developing AD. These findings highlight the need to prevent progression of periodontal disease and promote healthcare service at the national level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between chronic periodontitis and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a retrospective, population-based, matched-cohort study

2017

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“…To understand the association between masticatory performance and cognitive conditions, we performed a review by systematically searching for and screening the original studies that directly investigated the association between cognitive decline and masticatory ability using a masticatory performance test (Table 2 ). We found five studies published in the past five years that objectively quantified masticatory performance using functional assessments, including the color-changeable chewing gum test [ 34 , 35 ], the two-color chewing gum test [ 36 , 37 ], and the Optocal chewing test and the sieve fractionation test [ 38 ]. Masticatory performance decreased in patients with dementia compared to the controls [ 36 , 38 ] and was associated with performance on cognitive tests [ 34 , 35 , 37 ] (Table 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the link between cognitive decline and masticatory dysfunction

Lin

2018

BMC Geriatr

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Age-related decline in cognitive functions and dementia are major challenges in geriatric healthcare. Accumulating evidence from clinical, epidemiological and animal research suggests that tooth loss may be a risk factor for the decline of cognitive functions. This issue highlights the role of the brain-stomatognathic axis in geriatric medicine. Whether input from the stomatognathic apparatus can affect the brain remains an open debate. By revisiting the evidence published in the past five years, we argue that the hypothesis regarding the association between cognitive decline and masticatory dysfunction should be carefully interpreted. Most of the available clinical and epidemiological studies present only cross-sectional data. With respect to the prospective studies, important confounding factors, such as nutritional and physical conditions, were not fully controlled for. Animal research has revealed that hippocampal deficits may play key roles in the observed cognitive decline. However, experimental intervention and outcome assessments may not capture the condition of human subjects. Brain neuroimaging research may be suitable for bridging the gap between clinical and animal research, potentially contributing to (a) the clarification of the brain network associated with mastication, (b) the identification of brain imaging markers for exploring the mechanisms underlying long-term changes in masticatory functions, and (c) the elucidation of interactions between mastication and other cognitive-affective processing systems. Three potential models of the brain-stomatognathic axis and relevant hypotheses are summarized, focusing on the sensory feedback mechanisms, the compensation of motor control, and cerebellar deficits. Finally, we highlight four critical aspects of study and experimental design that should be considered in future research: (a) the refinement of the considered behavioral assessments, (b) the inclusion of baseline changes in mental and physical conditions, (c) a prospective experimental design with longitudinal observations, and (d) a precise determination of the effect size of the association between cognitive decline and masticatory dysfunction.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-017-0693-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidemiological studies also highlight the correlation between tooth loss and the worsening of dementia in older adults, and it has been reported that chewing efficiency with a dental prosthesis decreases by 30-40% 4,33,34 . For example, Campos et al 21 discovered a correlation between masticatory function and cognitive decline in mild AD, partially edentulous subjects, compared with a control group. However, limited evidence links these variables and cerebral blood flow during mastication, but some results show a significant activation of the PFC when participants used a dental prosthesis, and it is proposed that rehabilitation may be effective in prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study by Kamiya et al 12 found that partially edentulous participants had a marked prefrontal deactivation when they chewed without a prosthesis and presented a decrease in masticatory activity. Finally, Campos et al 21 mentioned that chewing may stimulate brain areas related to memory, especially the hippocampus and, according to his results, participants with AD show a decrease in MMSE and values of masticatory performance compared with control subjects.…”

Section: Impact Of Mastication On Brain Activity (Perfusion) and Oxygmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Mastication as a protective factor of the cognitive decline in adults: A qualitative systematic review

Chuhuaicura

Días

Arias

et al. 2019

International Dental Journal

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Introduction A relationship between masticatory function and cognition has been reported. It is proposed that mastication changes the blood flow stimulating the perfusion/oxygenation of the brain. This literature review analysed the relation between mastication as a protective factor of the cognitive decline and the changes produced at brain level in adults associated with the brain blood flow. Materials and methods A systematic review was performed according to the ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses’ (PRISMA) criteria in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase. Primary studies were included with no limit on the publication date, conducted on humans, and that established a relation between mastication, brain blood flow and cognitive functions in adult patients. Results Nine clinical descriptive studies were selected and qualitatively analysed. The collected data suggest the greatest brain areas activated during mastication were the frontotemporal cortex, the caudate nucleus and the thalamus, revealing a positive correlation between chewing intensity and perfusion of the principal trigeminal nucleus. The increase in cerebral blood flow was measured by a local vasodilator effect resulting in increased neuronal metabolism in the region linked to learning and memory. In addition, partially edentulous participants had a marked prefrontal deactivation when they chewed without a prosthesis and presented a decrease in masticatory activity. Conclusion Masticatory function may act as a protective factor in those patients with cognition impairment and neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting some mechanisms among which is the increase of cerebral blood flow.

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Correlation of cognitive and masticatory function in Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract: Knowledge that mild AD has an impact on chewing is important for dental professionals in decision-making related to prosthetics and general dental treatment.

Cited by 36 publications

References 44 publications

Association between chronic periodontitis and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a retrospective, population-based, matched-cohort study

Association between chronic periodontitis and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a retrospective, population-based, matched-cohort study

Revisiting the link between cognitive decline and masticatory dysfunction

Mastication as a protective factor of the cognitive decline in adults: A qualitative systematic review

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